本研究評估雨水收集系統之水質分析並探討沙塵暴與颱風對水質之影響。研究自2011 年一月份至2013 年四月份，分別由台灣科技大學研揚大樓及工程二館頂樓的小型雨水收集系統(自行設計)取得，總計192 組樣品；實驗期間經歷五次颱風與一次沙塵暴。分析雨水水質項目包含酸鹼值、導電度、鹼度、總有機碳、生物急毒性、水中13種金屬元素分析(鋁、鈣、鉀、鎂、鈉、銅、鐵、錳、鋅、鎘、鉻、鉛及鎳)和3種陰離子(氯、硫酸根及硝酸根離子)，此外，利用多管發酵法偵測總大腸桿菌和糞生大腸桿菌。
於小型雨水收集系統水質分析結果指出在沙塵暴時的雨水其pH 值、濁度、導電度、鈉、鎂、鈣、氯、硫酸根及硝酸根離子之濃度和數值皆顯著上升；就颱風雨水方面，由於強風豪雨的稀釋效應，除了鈉、氯等海洋來源的成分，大部分雨水離子濃度皆低於普通雨水。另一方面，在沙塵暴與颱風期間的雨水，其半數致死濃度(LC50)與總大腸桿菌數與普通雨水無顯著差異。就實際雨水收集系統而言，利用光強度為1231 與224 (μW/cm2) 之254 nm 紫外線燈管，分別可使總大腸桿菌在21秒和63秒內完全失去活性。然而在下雨天時，流進暫時貯水槽之雨水會伴隨來自屋頂與運動場之汙染物質，導致細菌數暴漲，因此，在雨天時要使大腸桿菌完全失去活性，增強紫外線強度或曝光時間是有必要的。

This study aimed to investigate the effects of typhoon and dust storm on harvested rainwater quality. Total of 192 rainwater samples were collected from two rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs) on a campus in northern Taiwan between January 2011 and April 2013. There were five typhoons and one dust storm invaded Taiwan during the period. Harvested rainwater was analyzed, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, alkalinity, total organic carbon (TOC), acute biotoxicity test, concentration of 13 metals (Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) and 3 anions (Cl-, SO42- and NO3-). In addition, multiple-tube fermentation was included fordetection of total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC).
For pilot-scale RWHS, results of harvested rainwater of dust storm showed higher
pH, turbidity, TOC, Na, Mg, Ca, Cl-, NO3- and SO42- than normal rainwater. On the other hand, in the case of typhoon rainwater, due to strong wind and dilution effect, most of the ion concentrations in harvested rainwater were lower than normal rainwater. However, lethal concentration 50% (LC50) and TC in harvested rainwater during dust storm and typhoon were not significantly different from normal rainwater. In terms of ultraviolet disinfection on harvested rain from full-scale RWHS, complete inactivation occurred within 21 and 63 s by using 254 nm wavelength UV light at intensity of 1231 and 224 (μW/cm2), respectively. However rainwater flowed into temporary tank with pollutant on rooftop and sports ground resulted in higher TC and FC on rainy day, therefore, it was necessary to increase UV light intensity or extend exposure time on rainy day to achieve complete inactivation.

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