外牆與內部隔間為構成建築物空間單元之基本元素，為建築物次結構中分隔室內外不同物理環境的重要構件。而其中外牆除提供一般建築遮風避雨隔音之物理性能外，更直接為阻止火災由外向上延燒的防火構件。構成外牆之材料及構造種類繁多，防火性能不一。而在現今法令下，透過外牆而發生延燒之火災卻不勝枚舉。故了解建築空間居室火災行為，進而分析外牆噴出火焰對外牆加熱行為之基礎研究以供後續研究發展便為刻不容緩之議題。
本研究係從建築外牆防火性能設計觀點，試圖建立一簡易應用之外牆噴出火焰高度與加熱作用下外牆受熱溫度推估式。利用縮尺1/3之火災居室模型，以木材作為燃料，設定開口大小、垂版深度、火源高低與火載量等變數，分析火災居室噴出火焰之火災燃燒行為及加熱行為。在火災燃燒行為方面，噴出火焰之型態，已獲得分析與討論，相關熱釋放率與開口因子之相對數值關係已被建立。對於火焰高度方面已確立無因次Df’/H與Q/AH0.5之對數線性關係，相關係數亦已經被實驗數據所迴歸確認。在此其間，臨界熱釋放率相關適用性亦在本研究中加以引用與討論。在火災加熱行為方面，外牆受噴出火焰加熱之溫度分佈狀態已被數值化，分析其機理並藉由亂流擴散火焰溫度分佈的理論，及對橫向開口之火災類型建立溫度迴歸模式。
透過本研究在實驗解析過程中可得知，火源位置高度之增加因煙層下降會影響空氣之供給，進而減少熱釋放率，此點對噴出外牆噴出火焰高度有抑制效果；在橫向開口之條件下，垂版深度對於降低外牆溫度亦有相當幫助。最後藉由常用之鋁玻璃帷幕外牆應用本研究所建立之火焰高度與外牆受熱溫度推估式檢證其防火性能上之問題，研擬改進對策並檢討相關外牆法規。本研究結果在理論與實務上對於防火性能設計有相當之助益。

External wall and interior partition are basic element constitute building space units, and important sub-structure member to separate different interior-outer physical environment. Especially, external wall must provide special function to retard the spread fire insides. There are many fire calamities due to external wall supervised by the code requirement. So how to realize the fire behavior of interior room and of curtain wall, to establish the mechanism of fire- proof function, and to propose the fire - proof counterplan is an important topic.
To get the result of fire behavior experiment, 1/3-scale model has been set on fire by limiting the variables of opening scale, spandrel depth, fire source position and fire loads. The flame shape and trajectory has been measured by DV and heat release rate by platform scale. The heat release rate and opening factor have been well correlated by classified data. The results of fire experiments performed by 1/3-scale model with one opening show that there exists a relation between the ratio of height of opening to the flame height and the ratio of ventilation parameter to the heat-release rate. The temperature mechanism of flame issuing from window opening has been discussed and digitized by one-point source model.
It is apparent that to lift the fire source can reduce heat release rate, which is helpful to retard the fire spread from the window opening. Aimed at the horizontal type opening, to increase the spandrel depth can lower the temperature of external wall heated by the issuing fire. The applicability of mathematical models for assessing flame height and temperature has been discussed.

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