低噪音風能轉換系統用永磁式同步發電機之設計及控制

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研究生：	林君達 Chun-Ta Lin
論文名稱：	低噪音風能轉換系統用永磁式同步發電機之設計及控制 Design and Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Low Noise Wind Energy Conversion Systems
指導教授：	黃仲欽 Jonq-Chin Hwang
口試委員:	葉勝年 Sheng-Nian Yeh 林法正 Faa-Jeng Lin 吳瑞南 Ruay-Nan Wu
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電資學院 - 電機工程系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	142
中文關鍵詞：	風能轉換系統、永磁式同步發電機、交流—直流功率轉換器
外文關鍵詞：	wind energy conversion system, permanent magnet synchronous generator, ac-dc power converter
相關次數：	點閱：225 下載：36
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　　本文旨在研製低噪音之風能發電系統。搭配低周速比之垂直軸風車設計一直驅式永磁同步發電機，以簡化傳動機構並減少損失與噪音。文中採用三相全橋全控交流—直流功率轉換器與單相直流—交流功率轉換器，將變動之風能轉換為可併聯於市電之電能，適合應用於人口稠密的都會區。
　　永磁式同步發電機選用64 極60 槽之結構，其極槽比為1.0667，不但磁通利用率高，且能抑制頓轉矩之產生。藉由有限元素電磁場解析套裝軟體對齒槽及磁石作最佳化設計，降低反電動勢的總諧波失真率，以減少運轉時的電磁噪音及脈動轉矩。繞線部分採用單齒直繞之方式，可縮短線圈端長度以降低銅損，電機之運轉效率為0.94。另於轉子部分採用步階磁石的方式作等效斜列，將進一步降低頓轉矩含量及起動風速。整體設計之頓轉矩為額定轉矩之0.35 %。
　　交流—直流功率轉換器部分使用三相六臂型架構，利用開關的設定，當三相永磁式同步發電機在低轉速時運轉於三相Y 接線架構；高轉速運轉下則為各相繞組獨立接線架構，使其直流鏈電壓維持固定範圍。故此三相六臂型交流—直流功率轉換器適用於較寬廣的風速範圍，可提高風能的利用率。另採用電流弦波控制使發電機電流操作為弦式波形，具有低電流諧波、高功率因數之優點，亦降低運轉之電磁噪音。
　　本文之系統已完成MATLAB/Simulink 之整合模擬，驗證理論分析與控制法則之可行性。實作方面採用高性能及低成本的數位信號控制器TMS320F28335 為整體系統之核心，已完成200 W 的發電系統雛形，可提供實功率至市電網路。

　　This thesis presents the design and implementation of low noise wind energy conversion system. A direct-driven permanent-magnet synchronous generator is proposed for the low tip-speed-ratio drag-type vertical axis wind turbine. It has the advantages of simplified drivetrain for reducing any transmission loss and noise. Combining three-phase full-bridge full-controlled ac-dc converter and single-phase dc-ac converter, the proposed system transforms varying wind energy to grid-connected electrical power. It is suitable for urban-environmental usage.
　　A 64-pole, 60-slot permanent-magnet synchronous generator is chosen. The 1.0667 slot-to-pole ratio can not only achieve greater magnetic efficiency, but also reduce cogging torque. The optimum shape of magnets, stator teeth and slots, which is analyzed for lower EMF harmonic content from finite element analysis, can reduce electrical noise and torque ripple. With concentrated winding configuration, it results in short end-windings, lower copper loss and the generator efficiency of 0.94. Stepped magnet configuration with approximate skew strategy is then applied to reduce the cogging torque and start wind speed. Overall modifications may reduce the cogging torque to 0.35 % from rated torque.
　　The ac-dc power converter has a six-leg structure; it is operated in three-phase wye-connection when generator runs at low speed, whereas three single-phase independent connection is exercised at high speed to keep dc-link voltage lying within the constant range. Therefore, the six-leg ac-dc power converter can generate electric power over a wide range of wind conditions. Meanwhile, using sinusoidal current control strategy will give low current harmonic distortion, higher power factor, and low electromagnetic noise.
　　Full system simulation is first given using MATLAB/Simulink. Then, a high-performance and low-cost digital signal controller, TMS320F28335, is used to control the system. A prototype of 200 W wind energy conversion system is developed for single-phase grid-connected operation.

摘　　要.........................................................I
ABSTRACT........................................................II
誌　　謝.......................................................III
符號索引......................................................VIII
圖表索引.....................................................XVIII
第一章、緒論.....................................................1
1　動機及目的..................................................1
2　文獻探討....................................................2
3　系統架構及特色..............................................5
4　本文大綱....................................................9
第二章、低轉速永磁式同步發電機之設計及量測......................10
1　前言.......................................................10
2　三相永磁式同步發電機的設計.................................10
2.1　定子與轉子結構選擇.......................................11
2.2　磁性材料之選用...........................................13
2.3　三相永磁式同步發電機之繞組接線...........................17
2.4　永磁式同步發電機的分析...................................19
2.5　頓轉矩之改善.............................................31
3　永磁式同步發電機的轉速及位置回授裝置.......................34
3.1　轉速發電機的設計及量測...................................34
3.2　轉速及角位置估測.........................................37
4　永磁式同步發電機的量測.....................................40
5　結語.......................................................44
第三章、永磁式同步發電機之功率控制策略..........................45
1　前言.......................................................45
2　永磁式同步發電機的數學模式.................................45
3　三相交流—直流功率轉換器之模式與控制.......................51
3.1　三相全橋全控交流—直流功率轉換器之模式...................52
3.2　三相全橋全控交流—直流功率轉換器之控制策略...............54
4　各相繞組獨立接線之全橋全控交流—直流功率轉換器模式與控制...57
4.1　各相繞組獨立接線之全橋全控交流—直流功率轉換器模式.......57
4.2　各相獨立全橋全控交流—直流功率轉換器之控制策略...........60
5　結語.......................................................62
第四章、系統整合及最大功率追蹤控制策略..........................64
1　前言.......................................................64
2　系統整合...................................................64
2.1　垂直軸風車之特色.........................................64
2.2　風車模擬器之建立.........................................66
2.3　單相市電併網控制.........................................68
3　風能最大功率追蹤控制策略...................................72
4　系統之計算機模擬...........................................73
5　結語.......................................................73
第五章、實體製作及實測..........................................78
1　前言.......................................................78
2　數位信號控制器之介面規劃及硬體電路.........................78
2.1　數位信號控制器及其介面規劃...............................78
2.2　數位信號控制器介面電路...................................82
2.3　電壓回授電路.............................................83
2.4　電流回授電路.............................................85
2.5　智慧型功率模組之控制電路.................................86
3　控制軟體規劃及量化處理.....................................87
3.1　主程式流程...............................................87
3.2　轉速發電機之轉速及磁場角位置估測程式流程.................89
3.3　三相Y接線交流—直流功率轉換器之功率控制程式流程..........90
3.4　各相繞組獨立接線之交流—直流功率轉換器功率控制程式流程...90
3.5　單相市電併網功率控制程式流程.............................91
4　實測結果...................................................95
5　結語......................................................100
第六章、結論及建議.............................................101
1　結論......................................................101
2　未來研究方向..............................................102
參考文獻.......................................................103
附錄A　電壓量測及總諧波失真定義................................113
附錄B　64極60槽永磁式同步發電機規格表..........................115
附錄C　轉速發電機之設計規格....................................116
作者簡介.......................................................117

                                

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