台灣的住宅型態以集合住宅為最大宗，這一類的集合住宅多半以RC構造、加強磚造為主。當建築物生命週期到了改修、整理的階段時，免不了要進行改修工程。而這類工程中又以內裝更新與外牆拉皮為重點。台灣現階段的老屋拉皮工法是採用傳統的濕式工法，即全面性刨除外牆裝飾層(磁磚、二丁掛、輕質板材等)後，再全面刨除水泥砂漿防水層與粘結層至結構體部分。如此整建方式，多半沒有納入開放建築的思考觀念，以至於對環境等等衝擊相當鉅大。

從而，本研究試圖將開放建築（Open Building）的理念置入老屋拉皮的系統，亦即將耐久性的結構支架體（Supporting System）與外牆皮層生命週期較短的填充體（Infill System）分成兩個獨立的部分來考慮。透過標準化、模矩化與搭配市售材料的設計理念，讓建築物的外牆可隨著時間、機能需求、修繕維護等等而進行調整或、升級。而這些調整過程中，則沒有敲打、擾鄰、環境衝擊等等。希望在兼顧彈性、經濟性的前提下以高品質、高效率的方式，提出本土化的「開放性集合住宅老屋拉皮系統」。

研究目的為蒐集彙整國外的優良外牆改修工法與理念，探討其構法於本土化之可能性，以提供本研究發展類似的系統。其二為進行國內訪間老屋拉皮工法的田野調查與業界訪談，將市面上常見的老屋拉皮工法根據材料、工法、構法與造價進行彙整，建構出外牆拉皮的設計型錄(彙整出A單皮單層、B單皮二層、以及C雙皮多層留空等三大類八小類整建系統)。再來將所建構的設計型錄，作為本研究實案模擬操作設計的依據。

最後選取台北市成功國宅作為實案模擬的初始模型，模擬該建築物在生命週期中三次外牆拉皮的更新。實案模擬設計中並將針對本研究所開發的「開放性集合住宅老屋拉皮系統」與「傳統濕式外牆拉皮」作法(A1系統單皮單層)，進行生命週期、營建廢棄物、二氧化碳排放量、工期、材料使用的比較，以獲致其性能上的差異。比較結果如下:

1.生命週期成本：整建次數越多，開放性整建系統之成本優勢益較大。

2.營建廢棄物：在第一次的外牆整建中，開放性外牆整建的廢棄物量只有傳統外牆整建模式的50%，第二次整建與第三次整建中，每次廢棄物產量，均為傳統整建模式的五分之一左右，約減少20%。

3.二氧化碳排放量：開放性整建相較於傳統內裝整建之方法，每次整建可平均可減少CO2排放約1228.3kg。平均一層樓可減少26%。

4.工期：開放式外牆整建約10個工作天，而傳統式整建約15個工作天減少66%。

5.材料使用：開放式外牆整建的填充體與及構建可以大量再利用，而傳統外牆整建幾乎沒有再利用情況，因而開放性外牆整建可以有效節省建築材料使用。開放性約有50%再利用率，而傳統再利用率為0%。

「開放性集合住宅老屋拉皮系統」全面採用支架體與填充體分離，依照個案在容許的經濟範圍中，採用市售材料與模矩化材料。此一系統可減少敲除的需求，降低擾鄰、環境的衝擊，與其它系統相較，更具有環保永續之精神。

Majority of Taiwan's dwelling types are amalgamated type and most of them are built in RC structures and reinforced masonry. When the building's life cycle reaches the renovation or repairing stage, alterations to existing building is inevitable. These alteration projects tends to focus on the upgrade of interior or face-lifting of exterior walls.

At present, in Taiwan, old houses are face-lifted using the conventional wet construction method. This conventional method require a thorough exfoliation of exterior decorative layer such as tiles, dibutyl hanging, lightweight sheet metal, etc., then a full removal of cement mortar bonding layer, the waterproof layer and to the building structure. Such a construction method lacks the consideration of Open Building concept, hence the impact to the environment is substantial.

This study attempts to introduce Open Building concept into the system of face-lifting for old buildings and investigate the durability of structural supporting system and shorter life cycle of the cortical wall filled body (Infill System) individually. Through the design concept of standardization, modularization and using materials commercially available, the external walls of buildings can be modified or upgraded over time, when functional requirements changes or repair and maintenance are needed. During the adjustment process, there will be no beating, disturbing of neighbours, impacting to environments, and so on. It is the aim of this research, after taking into account flexibility and economy, to introduce a localized system of the " Study on Open System for the Renovation of the Exterior Wall in Housing" through means of high quality and efficiency.

This research method started by collating world-class exterior walls alterations related laws and concepts then investigated the possibilities of formulating a localised version and identifying other related systems that might be of interest to this research. At the same field search and industry interview about external wall face-lifting on old houses were carried out. All construction methods commonly used in the current industry are categorised by materials, construction method, structure and price, resulting a design category of exterior wall face-lifting (covering A single skin layer, B layer single skin, double skin and C and other three categories of eight multi-layer blank Renovation Class System). The catalogue will be used as the basis for simulation in this research.

Taipei Chung-Kung hosing estate was finally selected as the case study for the prototyping. The building will be used to simulate three exterior wall face-lifting during its life cycle. The design of the case study simulation will focus on applying a collection of open-house City Administration System and lift the traditional wet wall approach (A1 system-on-skin layer)" developed by the Institute. This research compared construction wastage, emissions of carbon dioxide, project duration and materials used throughout the life cycle to identify their differences in characteristics.

The results of the comparison are：

1.Total construction costs: As the frequency of the refurbishment increases, the cost advantage of the ‘open' system increases as well.
2.Construction waste: the amount of construction waste of the ‘open’ system is 50% of the ‘traditional’ system in the first remodeling, and drops to 20% in the second and third remodeling.
3.CO 2 emission: in each instance of remodeling, the amount of CO 2 emission generated by the ‘open’ system is 1.2 ton less than the ‘traditional’ system.
4.Construction duration: The construction duration of the envelope remodeling in the test subject is 10 days when applying the ‘open’ system compared to 15 days taken by the ‘traditional’ system.
5.The infill system and element of the residential ‘open’ system were recycled, hence the amount of materials used were significantly less compared to the ‘traditional’ system.

"A collection of open house City Administration System" employs stent body and fill separated extensively from commercially available materials and die moment of materials and it can be tailored to individual's affordability. It also reduces the demand for knockout, disturbing neighbours, and impacts to environments. Our system achieves the spirit of environmental sustainability.

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M02 Eternit 產品型錄，2009
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M05 Wagner-System 產品型錄，2009
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M07 Euro-Fox產品型錄，2009
M08 Haspo 產品型錄，2009
M09 Keraion Hydrotect產品型錄，2009
M10 Taiwan Sto http://sto.twcom.net/products/renovation.htm
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M14 朋柏實業有限公司http://www.waterplanet.ne.jp/modernart/index.html
M15 彩虹塗裝有限公司http://www.rainbow-coating.com.tw/html/page6.html
M16 香港立邦塗料公司http://www.nippon-paint.com.
M17 四氟乙烯氟素樹脂塗www.nipponpaint.co.jp/csr_e/pdf/report07_i.pdf
M18 日本株式會社 http://www.renotec.co.jp/renew_nb.php
M19 背栓乾掛工法http://news.youboy.com/newsd55851.html
M20 南海防水•修繕http://www.nanhaico.com.tw/page7.html
M21 http://www.heizkosten-einsparen.de/
M22 WDVS 系統 http://www.heizkosten-einsparen.de/
M23 DIY Trade http://www.diytrade.com/china/3/leads/1443965.html
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