以噴霧裂解法製作氧化鋅薄膜，利用poly(styrene sulfonate)(PSS)，並探討PH值對表面型態的影響，並觀察不同pH值的PSS在氧化鋅上表面型態的差異。由實驗結果發現顯示 pH為7時起表面型態最為均勻。
接著，探討不同噴霧裂解法之時間、流速及管口至基板之距離。以AFM討論其表面型態。SEM討論其厚度變化，及氧化鋅薄膜與P3HT之間接觸是否良好。並且以XRD探討其因參數不同轉印前後晶相。當時間較短及實驗結果指出，流速較小時，氧化鋅薄膜皆為非晶。 選一較佳之參數(245 sccm，5分鐘，0.45 cm)製作轉印至P3HT:CBM。

In this study, using poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) as the sacrificial layer and fabricating the ZnO film by spray pyrolysis. We first tried to figure out how the pH value of pss change the morphology. We found that after sprayed the ZnO on PSs ,the morphology of ZnO will be affected by the morphology of PSS.
We transfer ZnO on P3HT:PCBM to discuss the roughness. According to the result of the morphology observation after transferred ZnO to P3HT:PCBM , we chose the neutral PSS.
Then, we try different parameter of spray pyrolysis , such as spray pyrolysis duration , velocity of the carrier gas and the distance , to fabricate the ZnO the morphology , thickness and crystalline were tested by AFM, SEM and XRD, respectively . According to the result , we chose 245 sccm, 5 minutes and 0.45 cm to fabricate ZnO and transfer on P3HT:PCBM.

[1].D.C ,Iza1 , D.Muñoz-Rojas1 , K.P, Musselman , J.Weickert, A.C Jakowetz , H.Sun , X.Ren1 , R. L Z Hoye1 , J. H Lee , H. Wang , L. Schmidt-Mende and J. L MacManus-Driscoll, Nanoscale Research Letters 2013, 8,359
[2].S.H. Kim, J. Yoon, S. O. Yu, Y. Hwang, H. S. Jang, H.C.Ko , Adv. Funct. Mater. , 2012,23,1375.
[3].Q. Wei, S. Miyanishi, K. Tajima, K. Hashimoto, Appl. Materials & Interface,2009,1,2660
[4].Y.lare. et al.,J. Mater. Sci.: Mater Electron(2011)22:365-370
[5].M. Reyes-Reyes, K. Kim,D. L. Carroll, Appli. Phys. let.2005,87,083506
[6].K. W. Wang, H. L. Yip, Y.Luo et al,appl. Phys. Let.2002,80,2788
[7].M.S.W. Sean E. Shaheen, Dana C. Olson et al, SOLAR & Alternative Energy (2007)
[8].K.N.a.Y.T. Shizuo Tokito, Journal of Applied Physics 29,2750(1996)
[9].Y. D. Han You, Zhiqiang Zhang, and Dongge Ma, Journal of Applied Physics 101(2), 026105(2007)
[10].D. C. O. M. S.White, S. E. Shaneen et al, Applied Physics Letter 89(14), 143517(2006)
[11].D. P. N. Y. W. Heo, L.C. Tiena, Y.Kwona et al, Materials Science and Engineering :R: Reports 47(1-2),1-47(2004)
[12].Tayebeh Ameri, Gilles Dennler, Christoph Lungenschmied and Christoph J. Brabec, Energy Environmental Science 2009, 2, 347
[13].Tada, Y. Geng, Q. Wei, K. Hashimoto, K. Tajima, Nature Mater. 2011,10,450
[14].W. J. E. Beek, M. M. Wienk, R. A. J. Janssen, Advanced Functional Materials 2006, 16, 1112
[15].Waldauf, M. Morana, P. Denk, P. Schilinsky, K. Coakley, S. A. Choulis, C. J. Brabec, Applied Physics Letters 2006, 89, 23352
[16].A.Ulman, Academic Press, San Diego 1991.
[17].S. Khodabakhsh, B. M. Sanderson, J. Nelson, T. S. Jones, Advanced Functional Materials 2006, 16, 95.
[18].J. S. Kim, J. H. Park, J. H. Lee, Applied Physics Letters 2007, 91, 112111.
[19].A.Ulman, Chemical Reviews 1996, 96, 1553.
[20].I.H. Campbell, T. W. Hagler, D. L. Smith, J. P. Ferraris, Physicals Review Letters 1996, 76, 1900.
[21].I.D. Parker, Journal of Applied Physics 1994, 75, 1656.
[22].R. A. Hatton, S. R. Day, M. A. Chesters, M. R. Wills, Thin Solid Films 2001, 394, 292
[23].S. F. J. Appleyard, M. R. Willis, Optical Materials 1999, 9, 120.
[24].B.d. Boer, A. Hadipour, M. Magdalena, T. V. Woudenbergh, P. W. M. Blom, Advanced Materials 2005, 17, 621.
[25].H. Campbell, S. Rubin, T. A. Zawodzinski, J. D. Kress, R. L. Martin, D. L. Smith, Physical Review 1996, 54, 14321.
[26].R. W. Zehner, B. F. Parsons, R. P. Hsung, L. R. Sita, Langmui 1999, 15, 1121.
[27].林明獻，太陽電池技術入門(修訂版)，全華圖書股份有限公司(2008)
[28].O. Zenasni, A. C. Jamisona and T. Randall Lee Show Affiliations Soft Matter, 2013,9, 6356-6370
[29].Jens Cremer, Novel head-to-tail coupled oligo(3-hexylthiophene)derivatives for photovoltaic applications, PhD Thesis(2005)
[30].Dipl.Ing. Klaus Petritsch, Oraganc Solar Cell Architectures, PhD Thesis(2002)
[31].葉楚平，張正華，楊平華，李陵嵐，有機與塑膠太陽能電池，五南圖書出版股份有限公司(2007)
[32].R. D. McCullough, United States Patent 6 2000, 166, 172.
[33].C. Jagadish, S. Pearton, Zinc Oxide Bulk, Thin Films and Nanostructures 2006
[34].H. Zhang, D. Yang, S. Li, X. Ma, Y. Ji, J. Xu, D. Que, Materials Letters 2005, 59, 1696
[35].V. A. Coleman, J. E. Bradby, C. Jagadish, P. Munroe, Y. W. Heo, S. J. Pearton, D. P. Norton, M. Inoue, M. Yano, Applied Physics Letters 2005, 86, 203105.
[36].M. Guo, P. Diao, S. Cai, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2005, 178, 1864.
[37].H. Q. Le, S. J. Chua, Y. W. Koh, K. P. Loh, Z. Chen, C. V. Thompson, E. A. Fitzgerald, Applied Physics Letters 2005, 87, 101908.
[38].Y. Sun, N. G. Ndifor-Angwafor, D. J. Riley, M. N. R. Arshfold, Chemical Physics Letters 2006, 431, 352.
[39].Umar, B. Karunagaran, E. K. Suh, Y. B. Hahn, Nanotechnology 2006, 17, 4072.
[40].X. Liu, X. Hu, H. Cao, R. P. H. Chang, Applied Physics 2004, 95, 3141.
[41].D.Perednis, J. Gauckler, electroceramics 2005, 14, 103.
[42].H. Womelsdorf, W. Hoheisel, G. Passing, DE-A 199 077 04 A 1, 2000
[43].P. Jain, P. Arun, Journal of Thin Solid Films, 2013, 548, 241–246
[44].Chemical Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials: Chemistry and Applications
[45].Y. Jung, W.Yang, C. Y. Koo, K. Songab, J. Moon. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 5390–5397
[46].I.Lange, S. Reiter, J. Kniepert, F. Piersimoni, M.Patzel, J. Hildebrandt, T.Brenner, S. Hecht, D.Neher1, Applied Physical Letters, 106, 113302 (2015)