研究生: |
陳韻如 Yun-Ju Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
感覺統合之觸覺系統應用於兒童玩具設計 The Application of Tactile System in Sensory Integration to Children’s Toy Design |
指導教授: |
鄭金典
Jin-Dian Cheng 陳建雄 Chien-Hsiung Chen |
口試委員: |
鄭金典
Jin-Dian Cheng 陳建雄 Chien-Hsiung Chen 林銘煌 Ming-Huang Lin |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
設計學院 - 設計系 Department of Design |
論文出版年: | 2020 |
畢業學年度: | 108 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 132 |
中文關鍵詞: | 感覺統合 、觸覺 、情緒 、遊戲治療 、玩具設計 |
外文關鍵詞: | sensory integration, tactile sensation, emotion, play therapy, toy design |
相關次數: | 點閱:192 下載:1 |
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高密度都市化發展的趨勢下居家空間狹小,都市內的兒童普遍都有「玩得不夠」的問題,在小犬邁入三歲兒童豬狗都嫌的階段時,發現他的觸覺似乎太過敏感,害怕無預警的觸摸,排斥洗頭髮剪頭髮,排斥在沙灘上玩耍,很挑剔衣服與襪子的材質;鑒於此,也許是身為母親愛屋及烏的關心想深入瞭解他們的困難與挫折造成怎樣的情緒;因此,研究目的在於探討 4~7 歲兒童的情緒與觸覺的關係,期望能提供產品設計師在玩具開發上能關注觸覺教育對於兒童的重要性,透過遊戲中學習引起他們內在的趨力,以促進感覺統合的觸覺發展。
觸覺系統的整合對於兒童的情緒發展與認知心理有著緊密的關聯,研究者以工業設計的背景為基礎,經過文獻探討、參與觀察、專家訪談、設計製作與實驗驗證的研究流程,以半結構式專家深度訪談的方式,訪問國小普通班老師、國小特教班老師、兒童職能治療師;了解兒童透過主動尋求刺激來整合大腦訊息並做出適當的回饋;因此,本研究將觸覺教育的概念融入玩具設計中,並運用遮斷視覺的設計手法引起兒童的好奇心;最後以立意抽樣的方法邀請 6 位兒童協助本研究進行驗證實驗,其中包含3 位普通班兒童,與 3 位資源班兒童參與計劃,並觀察兒童把玩觸感探索玩具時,對於觸感的認知與情緒變化。
研究結果:提出「Grumpy Crab 觸感探索玩具」,這是一個提供兒童觸覺刺激與觸感探索的玩具,也是一個學習扣扣子與學習觸感認知的玩具;驗證後發現本研究的觸感玩具:(1)可以吸引 4~7 歲的兒童專注探索,並保持愉悅情緒;(2)在觸感辨識「軟硬」、「粗細」、「冷熱」的概念中,4 歲的兒童對於「軟硬」的概念比較認知,而對於「冷熱」的概念雖然理解,但是區辨層次的差異似乎不夠明顯,並且較無法理解質感上「粗細」的概念,大約在 6 歲後似乎能稍微理解;(3)可以在視覺遮蔽的情況下引起兒童的好奇心來收集觸感的線索,並經過邏輯思考感知觸覺來解決問題。
As the trend of high-density urbanization leads to cramped living spaces, children living in cities commonly suffer from “lack of play.” When my son enters the stage of the “terrible threes,” I realize that he seems to be overly sensitive about tactile sensations. He fears unexpected touch, rejects hair washing and haircuts, refuses to play on the beach, and is picky about the materials of clothes and socks. In light of this, perhaps because of my motherly love and care that desires to thoroughly understand which emotions are evoked by children’s difficulties and frustrations, my research purpose is to investigate the relationship between emotions and tactile sensations of children from ages 4 to 7. It is hoped that this study will raise product designers’ awareness of the importance of teaching children about tactile sensations when developing new toys. Children’s tactile sensation development in sensory integration will be promoted by having them learn through play and by evoking their inner drive.
The integration of the tactile system is closely associated with children’s emotional development and cognition. On the basis of an industrial design background, the research procedure includes looking into the literature, observations, interviews with experts, design and production, and experimental verification. Through conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts, teachers of both regular classes and special classes in elementary schools as well as pediatric occupational therapists are interviewed in order to understand how children voluntarily seek stimulation to integrate brain information and give relevant feedbacks. Thus, the present research integrates the concept of tactile sensation teaching into toy design and makes use of the design technique of the sensory deprivation of sight to intrigue the curiosity of children. Lastly, six children are recruited through purposeful sampling to assist in the verification experiments of the present research, among whom, three are from regular classes, while the other three are from special education classes. The cognition of the tactile sensations and emotional changes of the participating children playing with the tactile sensation exploration toy are observed.
Research results: the “Grumpy Crab tactile sensation exploration toy” is proposed as a toy that provides tactile sensation stimulation and exploration for children and also a toy that teaches children to use the buttons and teaches them cognition of tactile sensations. After verification, it is found that : (1) the toy for tactile sensation in the present research can direct the focus of 4- to 7-year-olds on exploration while they maintain positive emotions; (2) when distinguishing the tactile sensation concepts of “softness and hardness,” “coarseness and fineness,” and “coldness and hotness,” 4-year-olds understand more about “softness and hardness.” Though they understand the concept of “coldness and hotness,” their tactile discrimination between the levels is not significant enough. They also have trouble understanding the concept of “coarseness and fineness” but seem to understand more of it after the age of 6; (3) they can collect tactile sensation clues through the sensory deprivation of sight that evokes children’s curiosity and solves problems through logical thought about the tactile perceptions.
中文部分:
Bundy, Lane, & Murray(2009)。感覺統合-理論與實務-第一版。(蔡鴻儒,盧以,吳雅伶等 譯者)台北市:合記,p4,p10。
Johnson, Christie, & Yawkey(2003)。兒童遊戲-遊戲發展的理論與實務。(吳幸玲,郭靜晃 譯者,第2版)台北市:揚智文化,p24。
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Ulrich & Eppinger. (2009)。產品設計與開發(第4版)。台北市:美商麥格羅‧希爾,p118。
仲谷正史、筧康明、三原聡一郎、南澤孝太(2017)。觸覺不可思議。台北市:臉譜。
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汪宜霈、王志中、蔡獻裕(2003)。感覺統合與知覺動作訓練對發展遲緩兒童療效之比較。職能治療學會雜誌,21, 29-44。
許錦雲、廖佩珊(2010)幼兒在傳統娃娃角與主題扮演角的遊戲行為。幼兒保育學刊,8, 41-58。
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英文部分:
Hatcher, B., & Petty, K. (2004). Visible thought in dramatic play. YC Young Children, 59(6), 79-82.
Joseph. (2016). Rosenzweig, Bennett, & Diamond, 1972. Retrieved January 30, 2020 from www.tutor2u.net/psychology/reference/rosenzweig-bennett-and-diamond-1972
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Van Hoorn, J., Nourot, P., Scales, B., & Alward, K. (2003). Play at the center of the curriculum(3rd ed.). New York: Merril.
網路部分:
王宏哲(2019年11月20日)。天才領袖感覺統合兒童發展中心,官方網站。上網日期:2019年12月4日。網址:https://www.leaderkid.com.tw/2019/11/20/兒童專注力發展階段表/
仲谷正史Nakatani(無日期)。わたしたちは触覚のことを忘れている!? 上網日期:2019年12月11日。網址:http://toshin-sekai.com/interview/16/
林巾凱、林仲慧、林明慧等(2004)兒童感覺統合功能評量表。心理出版社。上網日期:2019年9月26日。網址:http://www.psy.com.tw/ec99/ushop20128/GoodsDescr.asp?category_id=124&parent_id=118&prod_id=88110#.VqCpwPl96M8
健寶園(無日期)。Gymboree 0~5歲早期教育中心,官方網站。上網日期:2019年11月30日。網址:http://www.gymboree.com.tw/class-play.asp
情緒腦Emotional Brain(2011年2月22日)。情緒理論。上網日期:2019年12月2日。網址:http://emotionalbrainnctu.blogspot.com/2011/02/blog-post_4875.html
情緒腦Emotional Brain(2011年2月22日)。情緒腦。上網日期:2019年11月9日。網址:http://emotionalbrainnctu.blogspot.com/2011/02/blog-post_2002.html
莊凱威(2013年1月15日)。感性設計平台。上網日期:2019年12月9日。網址:http://ntucemotion101.blogspot.com/
腦造影實驗室,國立陽明大學腦科學研究所(2016年)。情緒表情。上網日期:2019年12月9日。網址:http://bml.ym.edu.tw/bmlab/24773322103492024773.html