具環繞型座席之室內樂廰最佳化設計 -以聲源指向性為考量

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研究生：	林葳 Wei - Lin
論文名稱：	具環繞型座席之室內樂廰最佳化設計 -以聲源指向性為考量 Optimizating the seats Surrounding the Platform in A Recital Hall When Considering Source Directivity
指導教授：	江維華 Wei-hwa Chiang
口試委員:	鄭政利 Cheng-Li Chen 林芳銘 Fang-Ming Lin 徐茂濱 Mau-Ping Hsu 陳炯堯 Chiung -Yao Chen
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	設計學院 - 建築系 Department of Architecture
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	80
中文關鍵詞：	聲源指向性、電腦模擬、聲學設計、主觀評估
外文關鍵詞：	Sound source of Directivity, Computer simulation, Acoustical design, Subjective test.
相關次數：	點閱：387 下載：19
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聲源指向性因素對於室內樂演出具有相當影響，特別是環繞舞台座席之音樂廳設計可增進觀眾視覺親近感。運用電腦模擬計算聲源指向性之影響，以室容積4000 m3為主要室形大小，探討環繞舞台座席之室內樂廳影響因子，期望求得最佳化設計之廳堂室形。本研究也透過現場之廳堂量测與主觀實驗來探討聲源指向性對於廳堂之聲場影響。
在電腦模擬之探討的影響因子有材料表面、長寬比、座席位置與舞台位置。本研究中以男中音為主要影響之指向性聲源，從因素分析法評估的指標中可以確認，大部分聲學參數都被一個因素所影響，並以2k-Hz之早期聲強因子(Early sound strength, GE)具代表之影響參數。最佳化廳堂的模擬結果發現，不論室型比例，舞台前後觀眾席區的2k-Hz早期聲能量分佈差異性可被控制於4dB以內，其值較小於直達聲能量差異，尤其在高頻2 k-Hz到8 k-Hz聲能分佈。將現場之錄音樣本於簡易無響室中施作主觀實驗之比較結果發現，各位置點間之”音色”與現場之獨奏之”整體聽覺感受”呈高度相關。相同地，在透過錄音後製施做之主觀評估中，獨奏演出之音色顯示為主要的影響因子。以三重奏而言，”整體聽覺感受”與大提琴之”聲量”大小成高度相關，其因是大提琴之高頻聲能指向性而影響，更進一步驗證大提琴在三重奏的溝通平衡當中，為重要的演奏聲部。然而，現場實地演出之主觀實驗，各位置點間之主觀評價値並無顯著差異，這可能是視覺親近感而影響聽者喜好度之判斷。

The influence of source directivity can be significant for solo and chamber music performances, particularly for arena type halls that have improved visual intimacy for the audience. Computer simulation was performed to analyze the possibility of optimizing for comparing acoustical qualities of a 4000-m3 recital hall with a significant portion of seats surrounding the platform when considering source directivity. Field verification and subjective tests were also conducted to realize the effects of source directivity in a real hall.
The effects of surface treatments, length-to-width room proportion, seating arrangement of configuration and platform location were evaluated in simulation. Most acoustical parameters derived from a baritone singer source were categorized as one factor that can be best represented by the 2-kHz band early sound strength GE. Regardless of room proportion, front-back 2-kHz band energy difference derived from optimized models can be controlled to within 4 dB, a value much smaller than the difference in direct component. Sound levels calculated from the recordings of live performances taken from various viewing angles were correlated with subjective evaluations of the recordings, especially when containing energy in the range of 2 kHz to 8 kHz. In evaluation of recorded tests, timbre appeared to be the principal factor influencing subjective response to of solo performances and while balance was the most important variable in judging ensembles. The overall impression was greatly affected by the strength of the cello. Live evaluation, however, showed no significant difference among the positions, which might be associated with the visual intimacy that affected the listeners’ expectations.

中文摘要	I
Abstract	III
Acknowledgements	V
Table of Contents	VI
List of Tables	VIII
List of Figures	IX

Chapter 1.  Introduction	1
1.1 Background and motivation	1
1.2 Research’s purpose	7
1.3 Method and scope	8
Chapter 2.  Research method	10
2.1 Computer simulation	10
2.2 Geometry check and settings	12
2.3 Acoustical parameters	14
2.4 Factor analysis	18
Chapter 3.  Effects of design feature in simulation	24
3.1 Effect of surface treatment	24
3.1.1 Experimental design	24
3.1.2 Result	26
3.2 Effect of room proportion and configuration of seating arrangement of configurations	29
3.2.1 Experimental design	30
3.2.2. Result	31
3.3 Effect of stage platform location	34
3.3.1 Experiment design	34
3.3.2 Result	35
3.4 Discussion	39
3.4.1 Choices of room proportion changes when increasing the portion of seats surrounding the platform	39
3.4.2 Possibilities of increasing the hall size	40
Chapter 4.  Field verification with measurements and subjective tests	42
4.1 Measurements using a 4-inch speaker	42
4.1.1 Results of the field measurement	44
4.2. Subjective tests in the filed	46
4.2.1 Subjective tests with recorded music	48
4.2.2 Results of subjective tests and recording evaluations	49
4.3 Discussion	50
Chapter 5.  Conclusions	54
5.1 Design features of computer simulation	54
5.2 Field verification with measurements and subjective tests	56

References	57

Appendix A  Room forms standard deviation of 2-kHz early sound strength	59
Appendix B  Contents of questionnaire (Part 1)	63

Biographical sketch	64

List of submission and research	65

                                

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