全球業界正逐步採用ZigBee網控技術應用在電力監視系統 (智慧電網)，可由讀取各電力監視器之即時電力和用電狀況，促使用電透明化，藉以達到優質的能源管理。完整的網控電力監視系統包含以下軟硬體：1.電力資訊顯示看板、2.電力監視器含（1）三相數位電錶（以下簡稱數位電錶）、（2）資料蒐集及網控模組（以下簡稱網控模組）、（3）網控通訊軟體（以下簡稱網控通訊軟體）及3.數位電力監控資料中心端接收軟體[18]。

本論文在實際測試方式，採用中華電信的標準實驗室和環境空間作實測，證實戶外部份採用五個ZigBee模組(包括 Coordinator, Router, End-Device 整合) 最高距離可達120公尺的電力錶傳遞資料距離，可算是業界最高，單點距離最高也能達成30公尺距離； 在室內部份，同層空間沒有牆壁阻隔下皆可暢通無阻，上下樓層間的資料傳送也可透過樓梯間達成，在轉折的位置設置Router即可順利傳送資料。

在延遞實驗部份，當傳遞封包在2 ~5點之間，有效距離50公尺內，其延遞時間會由最低的60~80ms 少量增長到100ms，延遲時間呈線性增加。 在電壓自我調整的強力功能展現上，由設定每六秒鐘計數判定封包傳送的良窳情形，系統將會自動控制 Router 及 End-Device 的功率，調整其發射功率的上升與下降會隨著計數評定後立即進行。

我們按照實際測驗訊號封包遺失狀況(Packet Loss)所得到的數據證明，ZigBee模組兩點間的封包遺失在距離50公尺後才會產生電力錶資料封包的遺失，倘若增加為3點模組測試後，距離則增長為80公尺才發生封包大量遺失情形，測試模組遞增為4點時則增加為100公尺，最後當以5點模組測試則為120公尺才會產生遺失，此成果已優於業界，以實際應用環境而言，此距離也是已經足夠大多數家庭、社區和工作場合使用無慮。

Global industries have gradually adopted ZigBee networks for power meter supervising system’s implementation(Smart Grid). The motivation is essentially to reach the qualified energy management, and subjected for public users’ transparency. In this study, a new integrated wireless and digital power devices are constructed to be a complete power monitoring system. It consists of three kinds of hardware and software: Power information panel, Power monitoring system on digital power meter, information/network module, and monitoring software, in addition, the information receiving software of digital power supervising center.

The practical experiments for the system are carried on five ZigBee modules, including coordinator, router, and end device. The implementation was placed on the office building of ChungHwa Telecom Corporation, for outdoor and indoor scenarios. On the outdoor scenarios, the modules are implemented with the 120 meters of longest distance record. In indoor part, at the same floor, the communication range covers all the node placements. Through the experiment we analyze the modules’ data communication performance using two metrics that sensitively contributes on power meter data reconstruction: delay and packet loss.

On the delay measurement, while the transmission packets are transmitted between 2 to 5 nodes on the effective distance inside 50 meters, the delay time will rise from the minimum 60 to 80ms to the maximum of 100ms, it presents the linear upward characteristic. Moreover, in the powerful exhibition of the voltage Self-adjustment, the system will arrange the power-rate automatically by the setting 6 seconds to count the packet status, through router and end-device to pull-up and pull down the transmission power rate.

For the packet loss measurement, when two modules are implemented the packet loss rate can be accepted until 50 meters of node’s distance, while using three modules, packet loss rate is acceptable up to 80 meters of modules’ distance. After we increase the number of modules to be four, we found in 100 meters the packets are still can be transmitted without loss, and 120 meter for five modules as well. It indicates that in the real implementation, this distance between modules is good enough for secure environment in household and working field implementation.

[1] Parikh, P.P,Kanabar, M.G,Sidhu, T.S. “Opportunities and challenges of wireless communication technologies for smart grid applications”, Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp.1 – 7,2010.
[2] Zhang Ruihua, Du Yumei and Yuhong Liu, “New challenges to power system planning and operation of smart grid development in China” 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON),pp.1 – 8,2010
[3] Peizhong Yi, Iwayemi A and Chi Zhou; “Frequency agility in a ZigBee network for smart grid application”Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), pp.1 – 6,2010
[4] "IEEE Tutorial Course on Distribution Automation," IEEE Power Engineering Society, 88 EH0280-8 PWR.
[5] "San Diego Smart Grid Study Final Report," SAIC Smart Grid Team,Oct. 2006
[6] Vojdani, A.; “Smart Integration,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 6, November-December 2008, pp.71 – 79
[7] EU Smart Grids Framework “Electricity Networks of Future 2020 and beyond”
[8] Hart, D.G.; “Using AMI to Realize the Smart Grid,” IEEE PES General Meeting, pp.1 – 2,2008
[9] Bo Chen, Mingguang Wu, Shuai Yao and Ni Binbin, “ZigBee Technology and its Application on Wireless Meter-reading System,” IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, pp. 1257 – 1260,2006
[10] Shang-Wen Luan, Jen-Hao Teng, Shun-Yu Chan and Lain-Chyr Hwang, "Development of a Smart Power Meter for AMI Based on ZigBee Communication," IEEE 8-th International Conference on Power Electronics and Driver Systems, Taiwan, Paper No. 284, 2009
[11] Cao Liting, Tian Jingwen and Liu Yanxia, “Remote Wireless Automatic Meter Reading System Based on Wireless Mesh Networks and Embedded Technology,” Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Embedded Computing, pp.192 – 197,2008.
[12] IEEE Std 1366™-2003, “IEEE Guide for Electric Power Distribution Reliability Indices”, New York, NY: IEEE, May 2004
[13] “SmarterCities Conference in Berlin: A 'Stimulus' to Action”. 15 July 2009. Publisher: Gartner
[14] Peter C. Honebein: “A New Energy Interface”. September / October 2009. Publisher: Customer Performance Group LLC
[15] Alejandro Buchmann. “Infrastructure for Smart Cities: The Killer Application for Event-based Computing”. 2007. Google Scholars
[16] Buchmann, A., Bornhövd, C., Cilia, M., Fiege, L., Gärtner, F., Liebig, C., Meixner, M., Mühl, G.; DREAM: “Distributed Reliable Event-based Application Management, in Web Dynamics” May 2004. Publisher: Springer
[17] Aaron Weiss: “Smart Infrastructure Matches Supply and Demand”. 2009. Publisher: ACM
[18] Gary M. Vasey: “SMART Metering—Requires SMART Technology”. July 23, 2007. Publisher: UtiliPoint® International, Inc.
[19] Liang Yujie, Liu Peilin and Liu Jing, ”A Realities Model Simulation Platform of Wireless Home Area Network in Smart Grid”Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), pp.1– 4,2011.
[20] Huq, M.Z and Islam, S. ” Home Area Network technology assessment for demand response in smart grid environment”Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), pp.1– 6,2010.
[21] Tse Norman, C. F. Chan, John Y. C. and Lai, L L, ”Development of a smart metering scheme for building smart grid system”Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management (APSCOM 2009), pp.1 – 5,2009.
[22] Heile, B.,” Smart grids for green communications [Industry Perspectives] “
Wireless Communications, IEEE Volume: 17 , Issue: 3 , pp. 4 – 6,2010.
[23] Iwayemi, A., Peizhong Yi, Peng Liu and Chi Zhou, ”A Perfect Power demonstration system”2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), pp. 1 – 7,2010.
[24] Shang-Wen Luan, Jen-Hao Teng, Shun-Yu Chan and Lain-Chyr Hwang,” Development of an automatic reliability calculation system for advanced metering infrastructure” 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), pp.342 – 347,2010.
[25] Fouda, M.M., Fadlullah, Z.M. and Kato N, ”Assessing attack threat against ZigBee-based home area network for Smart Grid communications” 2010 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES),pp.245–250,2010.
[26] Wei Sun, Xiaojing Yuan, Jianping Wang, Dong Han and Chongwei Zhang,” Quality of Service Networking for Smart Grid Distribution Monitoring” 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), pp. 373 – 378,2010.
[27] Seshabhattar, S. Yenigalla, P. Krier, P. and Engels, D., ”Hummingbird key establishment protocol for low-power ZigBee” 2011 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC),pp.447 – 451,2011.
[28] Dahai Han, Jie Zhang, Yongjun Zhang and Wanyi Gu, ”Convergence of sensor networks/internet of things and Power Grid Information Network at aggregation layer” 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON),pp.1–6,2010.
[29] Soergel S.,” An economic smart metering pilot implementation using standards-based protocols” 2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply (CITRES),pp.216 – 219,2010
[30] Di Marco P., Pangun Park, Fischione C and Johansson, K.H., ”Analytical Modelling of IEEE 802.15.4 for Multi-Hop Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic and Hidden Terminals”GLOBECOM,2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications conference , pp.1 – 6,2010.
[31] Fadlullah, Z.M., Fouda, M.M. Kato, N. Takeuchi, Iwasaki, and N. Nozaki Y, ” Toward intelligent machine-to-machine communications in smart grid”
Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume: 49, pp.60 – 65,2011.
[32] Kovacshazy, Tamas, Fodor, Gabor, Seres and Csaba Bernat; ”A distributed power consumption measurement system and its applications” 2011 12th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC),pp.224 – 229,2011.
[33] Ajgaonkar P., Lingfeng Wang and Alam, M., ”Simulation studies on ZigBee communications for home automation and networking” 2010 IEEE AUTOTESTCON,pp.1–6,2010.
[34] Bennett C. and Wicker, S.B., ”Decreased time delay and security enhancement recommendations for AMI smart meter networks”Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT),pp.1 – 6,2010.
[35] Spiegel C., Rickers S, Bruck, G.H Jung P. Woojin, Shim Lee R and Jaehwang Yu, ” Low power networks — The ZigBee competition” 2009. 2nd International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies, pp.1 – 4,2009