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研究生: 吳柏緯
Po-wei Wu
論文名稱: Performance and Reliability Enhanced SSD Storage System: Using HDD as Buffer
Performance and Reliability Enhanced SSD Storage System: Using HDD as Buffer
指導教授: 謝仁偉
Jen-wei Hsieh
口試委員: 楊佳玲
none
張立平
none
吳晉賢
none
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電資學院 - 資訊工程系
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 102
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 56
中文關鍵詞: hybrid storagesolid-state drive (SSD)hard-disk drive (HDD)endurancereliabilityflash memory
外文關鍵詞: flash memory, reliability, endurance, hybrid storage, solid-state drive (SSD), hard-disk drive (HDD)
相關次數: 點閱:298下載:5
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Several researches have been proposed and focus on hybrid storage systems, most
of the researches used hard-disk drives (HDDs) as the primary storage devices and solid-state drives (SSDs) as a cache to improve the performance of the storage systems. Some of researches used SSDs as the primary storage devices and HDDs as a write bu er for writing random requests to extend the overall lifetime of the storage systems. However, there are no any previous researches considered
the factor that in state-of-art or near future SSD not only read speed but also
write speed are overwhelming HDD. Most of the managements of these researches
proposed are out-of-date, they do not fully exploiting the read/write performance of SSD. In this paper, we proposed a novel management strategy that we try to use HDD as a bu er for garbage collection of SSD to improve the overall
lifetime of the storage system and meanwhile maintaining the performance of the
storage system at SSD level. The experiment results show that we improved
the overall lifetime of the hybrid storage system by 23% to 409% under di erent
traces. And we proved that the performance of the proposed stragegy is not e ect
by di erent characteristics of workloads. We also used the strategy we designed
that reclaiming data from HDD back to SSD to achieve inter-wear leveling of the
system. The proposed management not only provided lifetime extend by reducing
unnecessary writes but also maintained the performance at SSD level and achieved
great intra/inter-wear leveling of the hybrid storage system.


Several researches have been proposed and focus on hybrid storage systems, most
of the researches used hard-disk drives (HDDs) as the primary storage devices and solid-state drives (SSDs) as a cache to improve the performance of the storage systems. Some of researches used SSDs as the primary storage devices and HDDs as a write bu er for writing random requests to extend the overall lifetime of the storage systems. However, there are no any previous researches considered
the factor that in state-of-art or near future SSD not only read speed but also
write speed are overwhelming HDD. Most of the managements of these researches
proposed are out-of-date, they do not fully exploiting the read/write performance of SSD. In this paper, we proposed a novel management strategy that we try to use HDD as a bu er for garbage collection of SSD to improve the overall
lifetime of the storage system and meanwhile maintaining the performance of the
storage system at SSD level. The experiment results show that we improved
the overall lifetime of the hybrid storage system by 23% to 409% under di erent
traces. And we proved that the performance of the proposed stragegy is not e ect
by di erent characteristics of workloads. We also used the strategy we designed
that reclaiming data from HDD back to SSD to achieve inter-wear leveling of the
system. The proposed management not only provided lifetime extend by reducing
unnecessary writes but also maintained the performance at SSD level and achieved
great intra/inter-wear leveling of the hybrid storage system.

1 Introduction 5 2 Background and Motivation 8 2.1 NAND Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 Hybrid Storage Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.3 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 A Hybrid Storage System with Hard-Disk Drives Bu er 14 3.1 Overview of the Hybrid Storage System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2 Design of Hybrid Mapping Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.3 Management of Hard-Disk Drives Bu er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.3.1 Over-provisioned space for SSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.3.2 Bu er for storing enhanced ECC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.3.3 Temporary space used for bad block mapping . . . . . . . 21 3.4 Maintenance of the Hybrid Storage System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.4.1 Inter-Wear Leveling Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.4.2 Garbage Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.5 I/O Requests Direction Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.5.1 Write Requests Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.5.2 Read Requests Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4 Experiments 29 4.1 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.2 Lifetime Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.2.1 Lifetime Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.2.2 E ect of SSD Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4.3 Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4.3.1 The Total Number of Block Erased . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4.3.2 The Total Number of Pages Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.3.3 The Distribution of Pages Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.3.4 Response Time of the Storage System . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5 Conclusion 51

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