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研究生: 王彥文
Yen-Wen Wang
論文名稱: 多資源下每個資源排程法之公平性探討
Fairness of Per-Resource Scheduling for Multiple Resources
指導教授: 賴源正
Yuan-Cheng Lai
口試委員: 楊傳凱
林建偉
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 資訊管理系
Department of Information Management
論文出版年: 2018
畢業學年度: 106
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 40
中文關鍵詞: 多資源封包排程多資源公平分配公平性
外文關鍵詞: Multiple Resources, Packet Scheduling, Multi-resource Fair Sharing, Fairness
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傳統的封包排程法一般僅考慮通訊資源作為排序以及公平分配的基準,然而因網路服務日漸多元,所消耗的資源已經不僅於通訊資源,還包含了計算資源,如何在多種資源間達到公平分配以及排程成為重大議題。目前在多資源下的排程已有許多研究成果,然而,前述的研究中大多是先評估各資源的狀況並決定封包順序,但是在處理過程中資源的多寡可能會發生變化(如無線鏈路受干擾),造成排程失準進而使得排程法無法達成其效用。
PRS (per-resource scheduling)的方法雖已被提出,但其會有欺騙行為發生,亦即其不符合抗操控性(strategy-proofness, SP)公平性原則,此原則為資料流無法透過改變資源的需求量來獲得更高比例的資源。雖然在先前的研究中有指出PRS方法並不具SP,但並無其在何種情況下違反SP及其所帶來的影響,然而PRS可透過拉近排程決定時資源預估值與實際使用時資源實際值來降低失準率,故有其優點。本論文提出了每個資源排程法(Per-Resource Fair Queuing, PRFQ),並探討在各種情況下若資料流進行欺騙之影響。由實驗結果可得知,PRFQ相較於之前的以主導資源公平性之排程法DRFQ(Dominant Resource Fairness Queue),吞吐量可提升20.1%,而在資料流隨機欺騙的平均效益僅0.7%,且當系統中的資料流數量越多時,因需保障每個資料流所得資源,導致可自由分配資源減少,故違反SP的情況會變得越小;而在排程準確率上,若資源處理能力若以較快的頻率變動時,PRFQ仍可維持94.97%的高準確率,DRFQ僅能維持52.87%;在公平性維持率PRFQ達99.62%,而DRFQ則因準確率低導致公平性維持率僅85.98%。


In general, traditional packet scheduling only considers communication resource as a basis for ordering and fair sharing. However, due to the increasing diversity of network services, the resources consumed are not only communication resources, but also computing resources. How to achieve fair sharing and scheduling for multiple resources has become an important issue. Many researches were proposed to solve multi-resource allocation and scheduling. Most of the studies evaluated the utilization of each resource and determine the order of the packets. However, the capacity of the resources may change during the processing (e.g. wireless interference), therefore causing inaccurate scheduling.
Per-resource scheduling (PRS) method has been proposed, but it has the side effect of cheating. That is, it does not achieve the strategy-proofness(SP) fairness, i.e., the flows can get better service by artificially changing the demand of resources. Although previous studies pointed out that PRS does not have SP, there is no any investigation about the impact of violating SP in various situations. However, PRS can reduce the inaccuracy by narrowing the gap between the resource estimated value and real values, so it has some specific advantages. Therefore, this paper proposes a Per-Resource Fair Queuing (PRFQ) scheduler, and discusses the impact of flow cheating in various situations. The simulation results show that the throughput of PRFQ is 20.1% higher than that of a typical multi-resource scheduler, Dominant Resource Fairness Queue (DRFQ). The average profit by cheating randomly is only 0.7%, furthermore, when the number of flows is larger, as the resource share for each flow is guaranteed, the amount of allocatable resources is lesser. Therefore, the effect of violating the SP becomes smaller. For the scheduling accuracy, if the resource processing capability changes at a higher frequency, PRFQ can maintain a high accuracy rate of 94.97%, while DRFQ achieves only 52.87%. About the fairness, PRFQ achieves 99.62% while DRFQ achieves 85.98% when the resource processing capability changes at a higher frequency.

摘要 I Abstract II 壹、導論 1 貳、文獻探討 4 2.1 多資源環境 4 2.2 多資源公平分配 5 2.2.1 Dominate Resource Fairness(DRF) 5 2.2.2 DRF相關之研究 7 2.2.3 其他研究 7 2.3 多資源排程 8 2.3.1 Dominate Resource Fair Queuing(DRFQ) 9 2.3.2 Per-Resource Fair Queuing(PRFQ) 11 2.2.3 其他研究 12 參、各資源公平排程法(Per-Resource Fair Queuing) 14 3.1公平性 14 3.2 排程法 17 肆、實驗與分析 18 4.1 實驗環境與架構 18 4.2PRFQ方法簡化驗證 19 4.3 PRFQ之公平性 20 4.3.1 SI 20 4.3.2 SP 21 4.4 系統吞吐量 26 4.5 資源處理能力變動 26 伍、結論與未來展望 28 陸、參考文獻 29

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