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研究生: 林怡伶
Yi-Ling Lin
論文名稱: 數位鑑識實驗室認證系統導入之研究
A Case Study of Implementing Accreditation System in Digital Forensic Laboratory
指導教授: 吳宗成
Tzong-Chen Wu
口試委員: 葉瑞徽
Ruey-Huei Yeh
欒斌
Pin Luarn
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 資訊管理系
Department of Information Management
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 80
中文關鍵詞: ISO/IEC 17025數位鑑識實驗室認證品質管理
外文關鍵詞: ISO/IEC 17025, Digital Forensic Laboratory, Accreditation, Quality Management
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  •   資通訊技術的發展,數位證據逐漸取代傳統證據,成為佐證犯罪事實的依據,因其具備數位資料的特性,不僅造成證據保全與鑑識作業上的難度,亦常成為法庭攻防的爭點。數位鑑識實驗室除致力於人員培訓、設備引進與技術研發外,亦應採取一致的品質確保方法,管控可能影響鑑定結果的各項因素,並由第三方機構評鑑其能力水準,方可避免自行管控的疏漏,降低數位證據失效的風險。

      我國實驗室認證機構採用ISO/IEC 17025作為實驗室認證的共通性規範,然於2007年開放鑑識科學技術領域申請認證以來,迄今通過認證的數位鑑識實驗室仍然不多。本研究以國內率先通過認證的個案為例,蒐集整理其於2009年9月至2014年12月間導入認證系統的文件、紀錄與研究者觀察資料,續結合文獻探討所歸納的理論基礎進行分析,藉此探討導入認證系統的效益與實務作法上的建議,提供予各界參考運用。

      本研究發現高階主管的決心與參與、推行小組的溝通與監督,及全員以「做、說、寫」順序建立文件與制度的共識,有助於數位鑑識實驗室導入認證系統。而依循實驗室認證規範所建立的「品保審核」與「紀錄管制」階段,可完善數位鑑識極為著重的文件紀錄工作,不僅提高鑑定結果的正確性,亦能提供後續第三方稽核與重建過程的參考依據。最後,針對數位鑑識實驗室確保鑑定結果品質的核心要領,本研究有以下結論:
    (1)明確人員資格能力與訓練需求,考核與監督整體工作表現。
    (2)監控與記錄鑑識作業所有區域,確保人員作業時遵循規範。
    (3)選用符合鑑識需求之標準方法,並先確認準確性與穩定性。
    (4)建立設備保養維護、功能查核、異常處理與操作授權制度。
    (5)全程監管數位證物識別、流向、驗證、處理與保存等過程。
    (6)建立嚴謹確實之品保審核制度,預防提交錯誤之鑑定結果。
    (7)審核報告完整、正確與易讀性,附加相關紀錄佐證其依據。


     The development of information and communication technologies has led to the gradual replacement of traditional evidence by digital evidence as substantiating proof for crime committed. However, due to the characteristics of the digital data, digital evidence has not only caused increased difficulties in the preservation of evidence integrity and the processing of forensics but has also frequently become points of contention in courts of law. In addition to personnel training, equipment acquisition and technological development, digital forensic laboratories should also adopt consistent approaches to quality assurance so as to keep various factors that could impact the accuracy of forensic results under control. Not only that, competent 3rd parties should also appraise digital forensic laboratories for their competencies and capabilities in order to prevent oversights from self-monitoring and thereby reduce the risks of invalid digital evidence.

     Laboratory accreditation institutes in Taiwan have adopted ISO/IEC 17025 as a common standard for laboratory accreditation. However, the number of accredited digital forensic laboratories today is still limited at best even after accreditation applications have been made available for forensic sciences in 2007. Using case studies of local digital forensic laboratories that have received accreditations as examples, this research has gathered and compiled relevant accreditation documentations, records and observations by researchers that are available during the period between September 2009 and December 2014. Coupled with the theoretical bases from literary reviews for analysis, the study aims to determine the benefits of implementing accreditation systems and suggestions for actual practices in the hopes of offering useful references for relevant sectors.

     The study found that the determination and participation of high-ranking supervisors, the communication and supervision of promotion team and the consensus of creating documentations and systems in the order of “action, speech and writing” among all members involved to be beneficial for digital forensic laboratories looking to receive accreditation. At the phase of “QA Audit” and “Record Control” establishment as prescribed by laboratory accreditation regulations, laboratories could perfect their operation of document recording, which is vital for digital forensics. This would not only enhance the accuracy of forensic results but also offer reliable basis for 3rd party audit and reconstruction. Finally, concerning the key aspects that digital forensic laboratories must focus on in order to ensure the quality of their forensic results, the research has come to the following conclusions:
    (1)Verify personnel qualifications, competence and training needs in order to evaluate and monitor their general work performance.
    (2)Monitor and keep logs of all working areas for forensic works to ensure that all personnel follow relevant protocols.
    (3)Adopt SOPs that match the needs of forensic operations and verify their accuracy and stability beforehand.
    (4)Establish corresponding systems for equipment maintenance/repair, functional checks, anomaly handling and operation authorization.
    (5)Implement full monitoring of all processes, including digital evidence identification, flow, verification, handling and preservation.
    (6)Establish stringent and thorough QA audit system to prevent the submission of erroneous forensic results.
    (7)Audit reports for their completeness, accuracy and readability and attach relevant records to enhance evidence credibility.

    中文摘要.....................................I ABSTRACT....................................II 誌謝........................................IV 目錄.........................................V 圖索引.....................................VII 表索引....................................VIII 第1章 緒論...................................1  1.1 研究背景............................1  1.2 研究動機與目的......................2  1.3 研究方法............................4  1.4 研究流程............................5  1.5 研究限制............................8 第2章 數位鑑識...............................9  2.1 數位證據及其應用....................9  2.2 數位鑑識作業流程...................15  2.3 數位鑑識實驗室.....................22 第3章 實驗室認證............................25  3.1 測試與校正實驗室之國際認證規範.....25  3.2 我國鑑識科學實驗室認證技術規範.....31  3.3 認證系統導入模式暨評鑑實施流程.....33 第4章 實證個案分析..........................42  4.1 導入過程與認證範圍.................42  4.2 管理系統文件化情形.................51  4.3 技術作業程序之重點.................62 第5章 結論與建議............................73  5.1 研究發現...........................74  5.2 研究貢獻...........................75  5.3 未來研究方向.......................75 中文參考文獻................................77 英文參考文獻................................79 參考網站部分................................80

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