Creating or enhancing products and services are one of the highest objectives and benefits of AI implementation in businesses, but this topic has not yet received much attention in the literature. This study presents a procedure to guide entrepreneurial, business, and research projects develop competitive solutions integrating AI, more specifically deep supervised learning algorithms using unstructured data. The drone industry is selected as a case study. A transversal method that builds on the main trends and gaps identified in the adoption of AI in businesses is presented and implemented. The contribution of this study is threefold: First, the results indicate that the method maximized the chance of commercial success by identifying viable use cases, prevented wasting time and funds, decreased the risks of project’s failure, designed functionalities based on needs and competition, optimized data storage, increased model transparency and performance, and guide data collection. The author suggests that the procedure could be applied to other industries. Second, an overview of the drone industry cumulating market, literature and regulation reviews is provided and can guide future projects. Third, the specifications of a drone design are provided and could help focus on the development of AI applications for drones.

[1] M. Loukides, "AI Adoption in the Enterprise 2021," 2021.
[2] E. Brynjolfsson and A. Mcafee, "The business of artificial intelligence," 2017.
[3] A. McAfee and E. Brynjolfsson, "Machine, Plateform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future," 2017.
[4] S. Liu, "Reasons for adopting AI in organizations worldwide 2017-2020," 29 Apr 2021.
[5] L. Colombus, "Roundup Of Machine Learning Forecasts And Market Estimates For 2019," 27 March 2019.
[6] B. Ammanath, D. Jarvis and S. Hupfer, "Thriving in the era of pervasive AI, Deloitte’s State of AI in the Enterprise," 14 July 2020.
[7] Presented at Gartner Data & Analytics Summit, "The Real Truth of Artificial Intelligence," 2018.
[8] V. Muthusamy, A. Slominski and V. Ishakian, "Towards Enterprise-Ready AI Deployments Minimizing the Risk of Consuming AI Models in Business Applications," 2018.
[9] R. Clarke, "Principles and business processes for responsible AI," 2019.
[10] A. Geisel, "The Current And Future Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Business," Mai 2018.
[11] C. Addis and M. Kutar, "AI Management An Exploratory Survey of the Influence of GDPR and FAT Principles," 2019.
[12] Syed Munawwar Ahmed, "Artificial Intelligence in Saudi Arabia: Leveraging Entrepreneurship in the Arab Markets," 2019.
[13] R. N. Ruliputra, Y. G. Sucahyo, A. Gandhi and Yova Ruldeviyani, "Why do Enterprises Adopt Natural Language Processing Services? Startups’ Landscape and Opportunities in Artificial Intelligence," 2019.
[14] R. S. Concepcion, R. A. R. Bedruz, A. B. Culaba, E. P. Dadios and A. Rosz, "The Technology Adoption and Governance of Artificial Intelligence in the Philippines," 2019.
[15] N. Soni, E. K. Sharma, N. Singh and A. Kapoor, "Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Businesses: from Research, Innovation, Market Deployment to Future Shifts in Business Models," 2019.
[16] N. Soni, E. K. Sharmaa, N. Singhb and A. Kapoorc, "Artificial Intelligence in Business: From Research and Innovation to Market Deployment," 2020.
[17] S.-L. Wamba-Taguimdje, S. F. Wamba, J. R. K. Kamdjoug, C. Emmanuel and T. Wanko, "Influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on firm performance: the business value of AI-based transformation projects," 2020.
[18] A. Kordon, "Applied Artificial Intelligence-Based Systems as Competitive Advantage," 2020.
[19] M. Nortje and S. Grobbelaar, "A Framework for the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Business Enterprises: A Readiness Model," 2020.
[20] M. Selim, "Application of FinTech, Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence in programmed decision making and the perceived benefits," 2020.
[21] C. Campbellab, S. Sands, C. Ferraro, H.-Y. (Jody)Tsao and A. Mavrommatis, "From data to action: How marketers can leverage AI," 2020.
[22] I. Figalist, C. Elsner, J. Bosch and H. H. Olsson, "Breaking the Vicious Circle: Why AI for software analytics and business intelligence does not take off in practice," 2020.
[23] W. Basri, "Examining the Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Social Media Marketing on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises," vol. 13, p. Pages 142, 2020.
[24] R. Ilieva and Y. Nikolov, "AI Integration in Business Processes Management," 2019.
[25] R. Akerkar, "Employing AI in Business," 2018.
[26] J. Armour and M. Sako, "AI-enabled business models in legal services: from traditional law firms to next-generation law companies?," 2020.
[27] S. Chatterjee, S. K. Ghosh and R. Chaudhuri, "Knowledge management in improving business process: an interpretative framework for successful implementation of AI–CRM–KM system in organizations," 2020.
[28] I. Tewari and M. Pant, "Artificial Intelligence Reshaping Human Resource Management: A Review," 2020.
[29] K. Bresniker, A. Gavrilovska, J. Holt, D. Milojicic and T. Tran, "Grand Challenge: Applying Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Cybersecurity," 2019.
[30] A. Zarifis, C. P. Holland and A. Milne, "Evaluating the impact of AI on insurance: The four emerging AI- and data-driven business models," 2019.
[31] W. Noonpakdee, "The Adoption of Artificial Intelligence for Financial Investment Service," 2020.
[32] M. Romao, J. Costa and C. J. Costa, "Robotic Process Automation: A Case Study in the Banking Industry," 2019.
[33] J. He, S. L. Baxter, J. Xu, J. Xu, X. Zhou and K. Zhang, "The practical implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine," 2019.
[34] J. Shaw, F. Rudzicz, T. Jamieson and A. Goldfarb, "Artificial Intelligence and the Implementation Challenge," 2019.
[35] W. Reim, J. Åström and O. Eriksson, "Implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Roadmap for Business Model Innovation," 2020.
[36] T. Burströma, V. Paridabc, T. Lahtia and J. Wincentd, "AI-enabled business-model innovation and transformation in industrial ecosystems: A framework, model and outline for further research," 2021.
[37] R. Schmidt, A. Zimmermann, B. Keller and M. Möhring, "Towards Engineering Artificial Intelligence-based Applications," 2020.
[38] R. Magoulas and S. Swoyer, "The state of data quality in 2020," 2020.
[39] A. Ng, Interviewee, Don’t buy the ‘big data’ hype, says cofounder of Google Brain. [Interview]. 30 July 2021.
[40] A. Ng, "A Chat with Andrew on MLOps: From Model-centric to Data-centric AI," Youtube, 25 March 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06-AZXmwHjo&t=400s. [Accessed 22 November 2021].
[41] C. F. Liew, D. DeLatte, N. Takeishi and T. Yairi, "Recent Developments in Aerial Robotics: A Survey and Prototypes Overview," 2017.
[42] B. Martinaud, "Développez votre projet innovant," Openclassroom, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://openclassrooms.com/fr/courses/2954186-developpez-votre-projet-innovant. [Accessed 22 January 2019].
[43] M.-F. R. Lee, "Autonomous Mobile Robot," NTUST, 2019.
[44] A. Ng, "Introduction to Machine Learning in Production," Deeplearning.ai, Coursera, 2020.
[45] M.-F. R. Lee, "Artificial Intelligence for Robotics," NTUST, 2019.
[46] B. Tournet, "Analysez les risques de votre projet," Openclassroom, [Online]. Available: https://openclassrooms.com/fr/courses/5774866-analysez-les-risques-de-votre-projet. [Accessed 21 February 2018].
[47] K.-L. Hua, "Deep Learning for Computer Vision Applications," NTUST, 2019.
[48] C.-L. Yang, "Big Data Analytics and Applications," NTUST, 2019.
[49] R. Magoulas and S. Swoyer, "AI Adoption in the Enterprise," 2020.
[50] R. Tassinari, Pratique de l'analyse fonctionnelle - 2ème édition, Dunod, 1997.
[51] Afnor Editions, NF X50-100 Value management - Functional analysis, basic characteristics - Functional analysis : Need (or external) functional analysis and technology/product (or internal) functional analysis - Requirements for deliverables and implementation approach, aFNOR Editions, 2011.
[52] B. de la Bretesche, La méthode APTE : Analyse de la valeur, analyse fonctionnelle (ISBN 978-2-84440-019-2), Petrelle, 2000.
[53] DeepLearningAI, "A Chat with Andrew on MLOps: From Model-centric to Data-centric AI," Youtube, 25 March 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06-AZXmwHjo&t=400s. [Accessed 22 November 2021].
[54] A. Mark and C. Henry, "Small UAS Detect and Avoid Requirements Necessary for Limited Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Operations," 2018.
[55] A. Boschi, F. Salvetti, V. Mazzia and M. Chiaberge, "A Cost-Effective Person-Following System for Assistive Unmanned Vehicles with Deep Learning at the Edge," 2020.
[56] B.-G. Han, J.-G. Lee, K.-T. Lim and D.-H. Choi, "Design of a Scalable and Fast YOLO for Edge-Computing Devices," 2020.
[57] P. Adarsh, P. Rathi and M. Kumar, "YOLO v3-Tiny: Object Detection and Recognition using one stage improved model," 2020.
[58] T.-Y. Lin, M. Maire, S. Belongie, L. Bourdev, R. Girshick, J. Hays, P. Perona, D. Ramanan, C. L. Zitnick and P. Dollár, "Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context," 2015.
[59] B. E. Moore and J. J. Corso, "FiftyOne," 2020. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/voxel51/fiftyone. [Accessed 22 November 2021].
[60] N. Abu-Bakar, "Research Methods in Computer Science," 2018.
[61] T. Lațici, "Civil and military drones Navigating a disruptive and dynamic technological ecosystem," 2019.
[62] V. Boulanin and M. Verbruggen, "Mapping the development of autonomy in weapon systems," 2017.
[63] SESAR, "European Drones Outlook Study, Unlocking the value for Europe," 2017.
[64] JARUS, "Joint Authorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems," [Online]. Available: http://jarus-rpas.org/publications. [Accessed 21 March 2020].
[65] Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL, "Setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering, technical assistance and transit of dual-use items (recast), COM/2016/06/16 final - 2016/0295 (COD). Ac," 2016.
[66] K. Buchner, "Review Of Dual-use Export Controls," 2016.
[67] Council of the EU, "Control of arms export: Council adopts conclusions, new decision updating the EU's common rules and a revised user's guide," 2019.
[68] ACTS ADOPTED UNDER TITLE V OF THE EU TREATY, COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2008/944/CFSP, "Defining common rules governing control of exports of military technology and equipment," 2008.
[69] D. Kimball, The Wassenaar Arrangement at a Glance, 2017.
[70] M. Latek, The Arms Trade Treaty: ratification and beyond, European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), 2014.
[71] R. Stohl, The Arms Trade Treaty and Drones, 2018.
[72] RIGA DECLARATION ON REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT (drones), Framing The Future Of Aviation, Riga, 2015.
[73] Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4, "On common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and amending Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005, (EC) No 1008/2," 2018.
[74] EASA, "EASA By Country, International Cooperation," [Online]. [Accessed 11 March 2021].
[75] EASA, "EASA, Drones - Regulatory framework background," [Online]. [Accessed 11 March 2021].
[76] EASA, "Easy Access Rules for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Regulation (EU) 2019/947 and Regulation (EU) 2019/945), , Accessed on [Online]. Available:," 13 January 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.easa.europa.eu/easa-and-you/civil-drones-rpas. [Accessed 11 March 2021].
[77] Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019, "On the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft (Text with EEA relevance.)," 11 June 2019. [Online]. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli. [Accessed 11 March 2021].
[78] EASA, "Safe, secure and sustainable operation of drones," 11 June 2019.
[79] EASA, "Drones (UAS)," [Online]. [Accessed 11 March 2021].
[80] 2009, Directive 2009/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June, "on the safety of toys (Text with EEA relevance), OJ L 170, 30.6.2009, p. 1–37 (BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV)," 18 June 2009. [Online].
[81] Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT), Final Rule on Remote Identification of Unmanned Aircraft (Part 89), 2020.
[82] D. o. T. (. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Final Rule on Operation of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Over People, 2020.
[83] C. Metz, Big Bets on A.I. Open a New Frontier for Chip Start-Ups, New York Times, 2018.
[84] NVIDIA, "NVIDIA, Forums, Autonomous Machines, Jetson Embedded systems, Jetson TX2," [Online]. Available: https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/c/agx-autonomous-machines/jetson-embedded-systems/jetson-tx2/81. [Accessed 11 March 2021].
[85] S. Brewster, "How to Safely Charge and Store Lithium Drone Batteries," 2018.