台灣因缺乏天然資源，需進口之能源供給高達99 %，故再生能源之建置有其必要性。據台電公司統計2011年發電總裝置容量中，再生能源僅占同期總發電量的2.6 %，顯示我國目前仍高度依賴化石能源。在2011年11月宣布之新能源政策發展規劃中，以「千架海陸風力機」計畫列為再生能源規劃重點之一，預計於2030年達4,200 MW。而在全球再生能源領域規劃中，風力發電機亦為重點項目之一，故如何因應風力發電機(場)未來大規模建置，其併聯至電力系統有何影響，及考量台灣處於高落雷區域特性，如何規劃防雷對策，實為不容小覷之重要議題。
本論文針對在地化之風機結構、落雷資訊與配電系統型式等內容進行通盤考量，利用ATP-EMTP進行雷擊發生之暫態特性研析，以提供適用於台灣地區之雷擊防護建議。於案例模擬與分析上，分成三個主題進行探討。首先，據IEC TR 61400-24統計雷擊最常造成風機之控制系統損壞，故綜合考量雷擊電流峰值為24 kA、40 kA、上升/持續時間為5/20 μs、接地電阻為2 Ω、5 Ω或10 Ω、塔架與控制設備接地方式等因素，分析其對於風機控制系統之影響。其次，模擬單一風機併聯至69 kV/161 kV匯流排系統中，綜合考量風機變壓器避雷器裝設情形、風機與匯流排連接距離、及輻射狀、迴路狀匯流排或雙匯流排等因素，分析雷擊擊中風機時，對於系統端與用戶端之影響程度。最後，模擬風場併聯至161 kV匯流排系統中，綜合考量風機連接數量為1台至5台、各台風機接地互連情形、及不同匯流排型式等因素，同樣分析對系統端與用戶端之影響程度。綜上研究內容，以提出對風機、匯流排端與用戶端之雷擊防護建議。

Lacking natural resources and dependent on imports for over 99 % of its energy supply, renewable energy development is a priority for Taiwan. According to Taiwan Power Company (Taipower), renewable energy composed only 2.6 % of total power generation device capacity in 2011, revealing Taiwan’s continued dependence on fossil fuels. In the development plan for Taiwan’s new energy policy published in November 2011, the Thousand Wind Turbines program became a crucial element in renewable-energy planning, and it is estimated that this plan will generate 4,200 MW by 2030. Wind turbines are also a critical element in plans in the global renewable-energy sector. Therefore, responding to the massive development of wind turbine (farms), the effects of connecting these turbines to the power system, and planning lightning protection measures considering Taiwan’s geographic location in an area of frequent lightning strikes are all critical topics that must be examined.
Considering local wind turbine structures, information on lightning, and power distribution system types, this study uses ATP-EMTP to analyze the transient characteristics of lightning generation and provides Taiwan-specific suggestions for lightning protection. In this paper, case simulation and analysis is divided and examined in three topics. First, IEC TR 61400-24 statistics demonstrate that lightening most commonly damages the control systems of wind turbines. Consequently, this paper analyzes the impact of lightning strikes on the control system of wind turbine, considering peak values 24 kA and 40 kA of lightning currents and rise/duration periods of 5/20 μs, grounding resistance 2 Ω, 5 Ω or 10 Ω, and tower and control equipment grounding methods. A single wind turbine connected to a 69 kV/161 kV bus system is then simulated to analyze the extent of the impact on the system terminal and on the user terminal when lightning strikes a wind turbine examining the wind turbine transformer and arrester conditions, the distance of the turbine-bus connection, and radial, loop or double bus types. Finally, an entire wind farm connected to a 161 kV bus system is simulated to analyze the extent of the impact on the system terminal and user terminal considering one to five wind turbines connected together, the interconnection conditions regarding the ground of various wind turbines, and different bus types. Overall, wind turbines, bus terminals, and user terminals presented in this study could provide reference for lightning protection.

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