糖尿病是一種全球性的文明病，其併發症亦是造成殘疾或死亡的主因，造成糖尿病主要是因胰島素的不足或高血糖所引發的。病患長期處於高血糖狀態下，易罹患心臟病、腎衰竭及失明的疾病，因此糖尿病患需嚴格的監控管理與維持血糖正常值，而人體正常血糖範圍值為80 - 120 mg/dL。提供攜帶方便、可靠性高與低成本的一次性試片是現今血糖感測研究中的一大挑戰課題。
本研究主要是利用磁控濺鍍金屬電極作為可拋式感測的試片，取代網印碳電極。金屬電極的電阻遠低於網印碳電極，有效的降低驅動電壓由0.4 V降於0.1 V，對於人體電活性物質尿酸、維他命C、對乙酰氨基酚造成的干擾降低。目前一般市售金屬電極主要以貴重金屬(金或白金)作為導電金屬，主要的問題莫過於成本過於高昂。雖然網印碳電極便宜，但於網印技術須控制極複雜參數，所以在網印碳電極之再現性一直居高不下。本研究重在於鈦和鎳鉻電極的改質，並以幾丁聚醣(chitosan)修飾，因幾丁聚醣具有良好的生物相容性，能使酵素處於一個穩定的環境，故在電極上修飾一層幾丁聚醣更可有效提升電極感測性能。本論文所製備之一次性電極效能具有廣泛的線性感測範圍(50mg/dL – 600 mg/dL)、高再現性、長時間穩定性、及高靈敏度0.0309 (鈦鍍金電極)、0.0259 (鎳鉻鍍金電極) μA/(mg/dL)，並且已進一步成功的利用血液進行實驗。感測層方面，主要成分有PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)、PVP/VA (poly (vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate))、GOx (glucose oxidase)、ferricyanide、dithiothreitol (DTT)、HEC (hydroxyethylcellulose)。於材料表面分析中，利用ESCA分析修飾前後的鈦與鎳鉻電極，以及利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察其表面形態的改變，而電化學特性則是以循環伏安法以及計時安培法進行分析。

Diabetes is a global disease of civilization, and its complications are the main reason to cause disability or death. Diabetes is generall resulted from insulin deficiency and high blood sugar. The diabetes patients are easily suffered from heart disease, kidney failure and blindness with long-time high glucose. However, patients need strict monitoring of blood sugar concentration to control blood glucose levels. It’s an important challenge to produce highly reliability, portability, and low cost for disposable glucose chips in the recent research.
In this study, the magnetron sputtering metallization electrode was used to replace the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for preparing disposable sensors. The resistance of the metal electrode is much lower than the SPCE, which can effectively reduce the driven potential of the redox mediator from 0.4V to 0.1V. By reducing driving potential, it could reduce the interference effect of electroactive material in human body such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, and acetaminophen. Generally, the commercially available metal electrodes employed precious metals such as gold or platinum. The main problem of using precious metals is high cost. Although the SPCE is cheap, various and complex parameters were usually problems. The modified titanium and nickel-chromium electrodes were prepared in this study. Those electrodes were decorated with a layer of chitosan for its good biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and positive charge. The characteristics of chitosan with positive charge could effectively interact with the negative charged mediator under pH=5 and therefore added to enhance the oxidation and reduction currents. In addition, the sensing layer was composed of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), PVP/VA(poly -(vinylpyrrolidone-vinylacetate), GOx (glucose, oxidase), ferricyanide, dithiothreitol (DTT), and HEC (hydroxyethylcellulose). The surface morphology and physical-chemical propertieson the titanium and nickel-chromium based electrodes were characterized by ESCA and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical characteristics of sensors were evaluaved bycyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods.
The performance of the disposable electrodes prepared in this thesis showed broad linear sensing range (50 mg/dL - 600 mg/dL), high reproducibility, long term stability, high sensitivity of 0.0309 (on titanium gold-plated electrode) and 0.0259 (on nickel-chromium gold-plated electrode) A/(mg/dL). Moreover, good results were obtaeind by testing the prepared metal electrodes with human blood.

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