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研究生: 黃松全
Sung-Chuan Huang
論文名稱: 具變異式圓弧角模具於孔凸緣成形加工之研究
A Study on hole-flanging process using dies with variational corner radius
指導教授: 吳翼貽
Ye-Ee Wu
口試委員: 黃佑民
You-Min Huang
向四海
Su-Hai Hsiang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 82
中文關鍵詞: 孔凸緣近緣變異式圓弧角
外文關鍵詞: hole-flanging, near-edge, variational corner radius
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  • 本論文主要是在對近緣(near-edge)的孔凸緣加工行為進行研究,當一個胚料在靠近料緣處施以孔凸緣加工時,其在孔圓周上所產生的凸緣現象與一般的孔凸緣加工是有所不同的,而本論文中所提出的以具變異式圓弧角的模具來加工的方式正可解決這樣的問題。
    本論文係以具變異式圓弧角之模具配合薄殼理論來對孔凸緣加工的凸緣成形高度進行模擬分析,文中共設計了九種不同變異程度的圓弧角模具,其圓弧角之半徑係以由小漸增至大的方式來設計,其中最小的圓弧角半徑值皆為3mm,而其最大的圓弧角半徑值則分別為4mm、5mm、6mm........12mm。利用電腦以這些具不同變異度圓弧角的模具,針對冲壓業界常使用的材料SPCC進行模擬分析,並對模擬所得之數據進行迴歸分析,藉以求得模具圓弧角與凸緣高度的相關性,依此來建立模具圓弧角與凸緣高度之關係式,利用此關係式對業界生產的近緣件產品所產生的孔凸緣高度不均的問題工件進行模具修正,成功地將凸緣高低落差從0.67mm降低至0.16mm,大大減少了76%,此關係式可作為冲壓業者模具設計之重要參考依據。


    Large flange height difference along the hole circumference is a common phenomenon occurred in near-edge hole-flanging process. A die with variational corner radius was proposed in this study to solve this problem in practice. A commercially available computer program adopting membrane shell theory and software "PAM-STAMP" was utilized to simulate the flange height behaviour along the hole circumference. Dies with even or variational corner radius were adopted in simulation works.
    Simulation results showed that the flange height difference for a die with variational corner radius is 0.16mm in compare with 0.67mm obtained from die with even corner radius. Based on the simulation results, an empirical equation was established between flange height and corner radius of die. Using this emperical equation, a die with variational corner radius was constructed and was put into practice to verity our proposed idea.
    Results obtained from this test die do fulfill our expectation. The flange height difference of the work piece produced by the test die is 0.16mm, which is much lower than that 0.67mm produced by original die with even corner radius. In compare with the simulation results, the agreement is very good.

    目 錄 中文摘要..................................................I 英文摘要...............................................Ⅱ 目 錄...................................................Ⅳ 圖索引...............................................Ⅶ 表索引................................................ⅩI 第一章 緒論.............................................1 1-1前言..............................................1 1-2 研究動機..........................................3 1-3 研究目的.........................................8 1-4 變異式的圓弧角之介紹.............................8 1-5 研究方法與步驟..................................10 1-6 論文架構..........................................10 第二章 基本理論與文獻回顧............................12 2-1 衝壓變形基本理論.................................12 2-1-1 彈性與塑性變形............................12 2-1-2 應變硬化係數(n值).........................14 2-1-3 異向性指數(r值)........................14 2-1-4材料的壓延方向...........................16 2-1-5 壓料作用...................................18 2-1-6 板厚之變化................................18 2-2 文獻回顧...................................19 第三章 有限元素法模擬分析.........................26 3-1 以CAD軟體建立模擬之模具外形.................27 3-2模具網格之建立............................32 3-3材料的機械性質.................................34 3-3-1真應力-真應變............................35 3-3-2 異向性指數(r值).........................36 3-4 模擬參數設定.................................37 第四章 模擬數據分析...................................42 4-1模具無圓弧角變異之模擬分析........................42 4-2 模具有圓弧角變異之模擬分析.......................45 4-3 變異式圓弧角模具的凸緣高度之數據分析............49 4-4 凸緣高度變化率與圓弧角半徑差的關係..........51 4-5 凸緣高度與圓弧角的關係式之建立.................59 第五章 應用與討論.....................................61 5-1 產品的問題.......................................61 5-1-1 產品凸緣高度分佈的情形.....................61 5-1-2 凸緣高度不均之模擬分析.......................63 5-2 產品問題的解決方式----關係式之應用................67 第六章 結論與建議.....................................77 結 論...............................................77 未來研究方向之建議..................................78 參考文獻..........................................79 圖索引 圖1-1 凸緣成形加工種類...................................3 圖1-2 問題產品照片......................................4 圖1-3產品之工作圖.....................................5 圖1-4穿孔邊緣靠近料邊之情形............................5 圖1-5產品邊緣產生凹陷..............................6 圖1-6產品邊緣凹陷...................................7 圖1-7凸緣高低不均情形.................................7 圖1-8 一般無變異式圓弧角之母模(剖視)..................9 圖1-9 變異式圓弧角之母模(剖視)....................9 圖1-10 變異式圓弧角之母模示意圖.........................9 圖2-1 彈性變形行為示意圖................................13 圖2-2 塑性變形行為示意圖................................13 圖2-3 熱軋與冷軋之晶粒變化..............................17 圖2-4 孔凸緣之凸耳示意圖................................18 圖3-1模擬模具之工程圖-冲頭(Punch)....................27 圖3-2 以CAD軟體建立之模擬冲頭(Punch).................28 圖3-3模擬模具之工程圖-壓料板(Blank Holder)..........28 圖3-4 以CAD軟體建立之模擬壓料板(Blank Holder)........29 圖3-5模擬模具之工程圖-胚料(Blank)................29 圖3-6 以CAD軟體建立之模擬胚料(Blank)..............30 圖3-7模擬模具之工程圖.................................30 圖3-8 以CAD軟體建立之模擬變異圓弧角模具(Die).........31 圖3-9 電腦模擬之模具網格圖..............................33 圖3-10 電腦模擬凸緣成形前之初始狀態(剖視).............33 圖3-11 電腦模擬凸緣成形後之狀態(剖視).................34 圖3-12 SPCC應力-應變曲線圖...........................37 圖3-13 SPCC之r值輸入..............................38 圖3-14 冲床照片........................................39 圖3-15 胚料行進方向示意圖.............................41 圖4-1 凸緣高度示意圖....................................42 圖4-2 圓弧角無變異R3mm~R12mm之凸緣高度曲線(半圓).....43 圖4-3各種半徑的平均凸緣高度(模具圓弧角無變異)........44 圖4-4平均凸緣高度與圓弧角半徑之關係曲線..............45 圖4-5變異式圓弧角母模編號示意圖...................46 圖4-6各變異式圓弧角所得之凸緣高度曲線(X方向進料).....47 圖4-7各變異式圓弧角所得之凸緣高度曲線(Z方向進料).....48 圖4-8各變異式圓弧角所得之凸緣高度曲線(XZ方向進料)....49 圖4-9 R3-R4-X的凸緣高度曲線............................51 圖4-10 各變異式圓弧角X方向的斜率變化...................52 圖4-11 各變異式圓弧角X方向的截距變化...................53 圖4-12 各變異式圓弧角Z方向的斜率變化...................53 圖4-13 各變異式圓弧角Z方向的截距變化...................54 圖4-14 各變異式圓弧角XZ方向的斜率變化.................54 圖4-15 各變異式圓弧角XZ方向的截距變化...............55 圖4-16 各變異式圓弧角X方向的斜率趨勢圖..............56 圖4-17 各變異式圓弧角X方向的截距趨勢圖...............56 圖4-18 各變異式圓弧角Z方向的斜率趨勢圖...............57 圖4-19 各變異式圓弧角Z方向的截距趨勢圖.............57 圖4-20 各變異式圓弧角XZ方向的斜率趨勢圖............58 圖4-21 各變異式圓弧角XZ方向的截距趨勢圖.............58 圖5-1 凸緣圓周編號示意圖..............................61 圖5-2 各編號點的凸緣高度..............................62 圖5-3 料片高突區示意圖(高突部分靠近凹陷區)............63 圖5-4 模具之外形尺度量取情形...........................64 圖5-5 產品模擬分析之初始狀態(剖視)....................64 圖5-6 產品模擬分析完成(剖視).......................65 圖5-7 模擬分析完成之胚料................................65 圖5-8 模具邊緣凹陷情形...............................66 圖5-9 電腦模擬完成胚料近緣處凹陷之情形................66 圖5-10 產品近緣處凹陷之情形.............................66 圖5-11 胚料凸緣被抽高的情形(剖視).....................67 圖5-12凸緣產生高低落差的情況(剖視)...................67 圖5-13 修模後模擬分析之初始狀態(剖視)...............72 圖5-14修模後模擬分析完成(剖視).......................72 圖5-15修模後模擬分析完成之胚料.........................72 圖5-16修模後模擬分析完成之胚料-凸緣高低落差較小(剖視).73 圖5-17 修模後進行冲壓之情形.............................73 圖5-18 修模後之新成品..................................73 圖5-19 模具修改後之新成品(凸緣高度落差較小)...........74 圖5-20模具修改前後各編號點實際量得之凸緣高度曲線........75 圖5-21修模前的舊成品...................................76 圖5-22修模後的新成品..................................76 索引 表3-1 變異圓弧角模具模具(母模)之圓弧角設計表..........32 表3-2 材料規格表......................................35 表3-3 製程參數....................................39 表4-1 圓弧角無變異R3mm~R12mm之凸緣高度數據(半圓).....43 表4-2 圓弧半徑3mm至12mm之平均凸緣高度(圓弧角無變異).44 表4-3 X方向進料之不同變異度圓弧角所得凸緣高度...........47 表4-4 Z方向進料之不同變異度圓弧角所得凸緣高度...........48 表4-5 XZ方向進料之不同變異度圓弧角所得凸緣高度..........49 表4-6 各變異式圓弧角的斜率與截距........................52 表5-1問題產品各編號點之凸緣高度.........................62 表5-2問題產品各編號點之凸緣高度差距值...................69 表5-3 產品各編號點的正確目標高度.......................70 表5-4 各個編號點應修正的模具圓弧角半徑值...............71 表5-5模具圓弧角實際修改之尺度表....................71 表5-6模具修改後之電腦分析尺度表....................73 表5-7修模後各編號點實際量得之凸緣高度...............74

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