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研究生: 魏若芳
Jo-fang Wei
論文名稱: 串聯鋰離子電池組模組化電池管理系統研製
Development of a Modulized Battery Management System for Series Lithium-ion Battery Pack
指導教授: 羅有綱
Yu-Kang Lo
劉益華
Yi-Hwa Liu
口試委員: 鄧人豪
Jen-Hao Teng
呂榮基
Rong-Ceng Leou
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電資學院 - 電子工程系
Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 100
中文關鍵詞: 電池管理系統電池容量估測CANbusZigbee
外文關鍵詞: BMS, SOC, CANbus, Zigbee
相關次數: 點閱:328下載:10
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  現今儲能裝置技術中鋰離子電池因具優異特性,如高能量密度、高工作電壓、無記憶效應、低環境污染、低自放電率等,扮演了重要的角色,使其快速成長。近年來鋰離子電池不僅於可攜式消費電子產品之應用,亦應用於航空、電動汽車應用和再生能源之儲能裝置。為防止電池損壞與區別缺陷電池,串聯電池組需掛載可量測電池狀態(電壓、電流與溫度)之監控設備。
  本文開發一模組化電池管理系統,每一模組最多連接四顆電池,其具有精確測量電池參數,包括一電池組電流、一組溫度與四組電壓數據,以及電池剩餘容量(State of Charge, SOC)估測,進而對電池進行過充電、過放電保護。而電池組內若有四個以上的電池,可利用主、從裝置方式擴充,兩者之間以一個高速CAN2.0B匯流排進行可靠之通訊。並且所開發之電池管理系統亦可透過Zigbee無線通訊與外部使用者電腦進行通訊。本文電池管理系統之核心控制器使用由Microchip公司所推出之dsPIC數位信號控制器。為使電池資訊即時顯示,本文以National Instruments所開發之LabVIEW作為人機介面,來監控並記錄電池狀態資料。本文將對所提出之電池管理系統硬體與軟體設計進行詳細說明,並由實驗結果驗證電池管理系統之正確性。


Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries play a significant part in energy storage solutions for modern technologies. Li-ion batteries are growing at a rapid rate because they exhibits many advantages such as high energy density, high working cell voltage, no memory effect, low environmental pollution and low self-discharge rate. The recent trend shows that the Li-ion batteries are not only widely used in portable consumer electronics, but can also be employed in aerospace, electric vehicle applications and power backup for renewable energy sources. Series connected battery packs require monitoring equipment that is capable of measuring the parameters (voltage, current and temperature) of individual cells in order to prevent damage and identify defective cells.
In this thesis, a modulized battery management system (BMS) for up to four cells is proposed.The presented BMS provides the following features:accurate measurement of battery pack parameter including one pack current, four cell voltages and four cell temperatures and information of battery remaining capacity (state of charge, SOC),and battery overcharge/over discharge protection.For battery pack containing more than four cells, a master/slave configuration of the proposed BMS can be utilized. A high-speed CAN 2.0B data bus is used to provide reliable communications between the master and slave units. The presented BMS can also communicate with an external host using Zigbee wireless communication protocols. In this thesis, the central controller utilized in the BMS is dsPIC digital signal controller (DSC) from Microchip Corp. In order to provide the real-time display and data logging of the battery parameters, a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) is also developed using LabVIEW from the National Instrument Corp. Detailed description of the hardware and software of the proposed BMS will be provided, and experimental results will also be provided to verify the correctness of the proposed BMS.

摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 XI 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 1 1.3 電池管理系統架構 3 1.4 論文大綱 5 第二章 二次電池與電源管理晶片市場介紹 6 2.1 二次電池介紹 6 2.2 電池容量估測方法與影響因素 12 2.3 市面上電池管理晶片介紹 15 2.3.1 電池容量估測晶片 15 2.3.2 電池保護晶片 21 2.4 SAMSUNG ICR18650-22P規格 21 第三章 電池管理系統之韌體架構 24 3.1 核心微控制器介紹 25 3.2 系統程式架構與設計流程 27 3.3 系統通訊介面 30 3.3.1 通用非同步收發傳輸器(UART) 31 3.3.2 內部整合電路(I2C) 32 3.3.3 控制器區域網路(CANBus) 37 3.3.3.1 CANBus發送機制 40 3.3.3.2 CANBus接收機制 44 3.4 Zigbee無線網路 46 3.4.1 Zigbee無線通訊網路技術簡介 46 3.4.2 Zigbee無線通訊網路協定推疊 47 3.4.3 Zigbee無線通訊網路架構與建立網路 49 3.4.4 XBee實驗模組傳輸 51 3.5 容量估測方法 53 3.5.1 開路電壓與剩餘容量之關係 53 3.5.2 電池容量估測方法 54 3.6 監控介面 58 3.6.1 LabVIEW簡介 58 3.6.2 監控介面程式 59 第四章 電池管理系統之硬體架構 67 4.1 取樣電路設計規格 68 4.1.1 電壓取樣 68 4.1.2 電流取樣 71 4.1.3 溫度取樣 72 4.1.4 保護機制 72 4.2 通訊介面 73 4.2.1 RS-232通訊介面 73 4.2.2 CANBus通訊介面 74 4.2.3 I2C通訊介面 76 4.2.4 XBee實驗模組介紹 77 4.3 輔助電源 78 第五章 實驗結果及討論 79 5.1 實驗環境 79 5.2 電池管理系統實體 79 5.3 通訊介面 81 5.3.1 UART傳輸訊號 81 5.3.2 I2C傳輸訊號 82 5.3.3 CANBus傳輸訊號 83 5.3.4 Zigbee無線傳輸訊號 86 5.4 人機介面 90 5.5 量測數據結果與誤差 92 第六章 結論與未來展望 94 6.1 結論 94 6.2 未來研究方向 94 參考文獻 96

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