目前砂模鑄造為汽車與機械零件生產之主要製程之一，以往製作砂模或砂心(心型)都以木模生產砂模、金屬模具製作砂心等傳統製程方法，但上述方法模具成本較高，生成零件可達到的複雜程度也較低。因此本研究利用PC-based控制研發出一套砂模3D列印雛型系統，直接以積層製造(AM)之3DP列印技術印製鑄造所用之砂模，再以熔融液體澆注於砂模內得到鑄件。
本研究之系統係搭配高精準、高壽命，可使用任何液體，反應速率快等特性的壓電噴頭，系統包含XYZ軸向控制、噴頭控制、電壓波型控制等。在噴頭方面，採用四排交錯且共高達1280個孔的壓電式噴頭，一排可噴印150dpi的解析度(孔pitch為0.1693mm)，全排噴印可達600dpi解析度的圖案，這點利於印製精度更高的成品。
在噴印控制方面，匯入圖檔後會透過平台上光學尺迴受訊號來觸發壓電噴頭噴出呋喃樹酯(Furan Resin)，樹酯接觸到砂(已混合硬化劑)便會固化，並於噴印完一張圖像時下降平台重新舖砂，再繼續印製下一張圖像。除了上述控制的穩定性為影響3D列印疊層的重要因子外，墨滴大小與圖檔切層處理方式皆為左右砂模品質的重要元素。藉由實驗結果，本研究採用單壓電噴頭建立砂模3D列印雛型系統，除了噴頭解析度可達到600dpi外，有別以往可以製作相較於其他砂模列印較精細的零件或物品，相信在未來砂模3D列印除了可以列印大型複雜零件之外，也可被廣泛的應用在其它精細的產品上。

Recently, the sand casting is one of the main processes for producing automobtive and mechanical parts. In the past, a sand mold or a core was made by the traditional process method, which applied the wooden mold to make sand mold and metal mold to make core. However, this method costs highly and has restriction to the part’s complexity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a 3D sand printing system that the additive manufacturing (AM) of 3DP techniques is used to manufacture a sand mold, in which the molten metal is poured in the sand mold to obtain a casting part.
The system of this study includes XYZ axes motion control, piezo printhead control with waveform design function. A piezoelectric inkjet which has high-precision, long lifecycle, immediate response, is suitable for different kinds of liquids to visualize this concept. The used piezo-head has 1280 nozzles in four rows. The original resolution is 150 dpi (pitch 0.1693mm) in each row. The resolution of 600 dpi can be obtained by using four rows simutaneously. With those features, a higher product precision can be achieved.
In terms of printing control, an optical linear scale on the stage is used as a feedback signal to trig the piezo-head to a proper printing process after loading the sliced image. When the resin is enjected into contact with the sand which has been mixed with a curing agent in advance, after the sand is cured, the platform will move down to make an empty layer for paving new sand, and keep printing for the next file. In addition to above factors, droplet size and delaminated image are both importment during the printing process. From the experimental results, the developed 3D sand printing system can achieve the resolution of 600 dpi with one piezo-head. In differently, it can make more delicate and complex parts than other 3D sand printing system. It is that, the 3D sand printing system will be wildly used to not only large size or complex parts in the future but also be used to produce other delicate products.

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