傳統的隧道照明有著照明環境不佳、能源耗費龐大的問題，本研究以自然光和LED做為光源，設計出兩種不同的透鏡，當陽光充足時，利用自然光照明系統在閾值區和出口區給予隧道照明，減少LED的使用量，當陽光不夠時，LED能為隧道進行補光照明。在兩種設計方面，以微結構建立線性菲聶爾透鏡做為自然光照明系統的放光元件，以折反射法建立LED的自由曲面非對稱透鏡，將兩種透鏡經由光學模擬軟體FRED驗證，其模擬結果在道路面上能達到矩形的分佈，均勻度分別為84.8、80.2，效率分別為78.3%、84.8%。透過DIALux建立出雪山隧道的模型，以三種模式模擬兩種透鏡照射在隧道內的情況，模式一為陽光充足時只用線性菲聶爾透鏡做放光，模式二為陽光不足時只用LED照明，模式三為兩種透鏡同時使用做混合照明，根據自然光的強弱調整LED的照明比例做節能，其三種模式都能符合閾值區前段大於120cd/m2、後段大於60cd/m2，出口區前段大於30cd/m2、後段大於15cd/m2、總均勻度U0大於等於0.4、縱向均勻度U1大於等於0.6的需求。本研究解決了三個問題，第一，以LED做為光源利用光學設計改善傳統高壓納燈本身功率太高容易造成眩光的問題，第二，利用平均照度法去計算最適當的燈具間距，減少路面斑馬紋的產生，第三，結合了自然光與人工光源，在戶外輝度最高時，以自然光去代替傳統隧道照明燈需全開的情況，當自然光能量降低時再以LED去補足隧道的照明，維持隧道的照明環境，隧道燈也就不需要再24小時運作而能節省能源。

Traditional tunnel lighting has the problem of poor lighting environment and huge energy consumption. In this study, two different lenses were designed with natural light and LED as the light source. When the sunlight is enough, the natural light illumination system is used to give tunnel illumination in the threshold zone and the exit zone to reduce the LED usage. When the sunlight is not enough, the LED can complement the tunnel lighting. In terms of the two designs, the linear Fresnel lens is established as a light-emitting element of a natural light illumination system with a microstructure, and the free-form surface asymmetric lens of the LED is established by the catadioptric method. The two lenses are verified by the optical simulation software FRED. The uniformity on the road surface can reach about 84.8 and 80.2, and the efficiency are about 78.3% and 84.8% respectively. The model of the Hsueh-Shan tunnel was established by DIALux, and the two kinds of lenses were simulated in the tunnel in three modes. The mode 1 is only used with linear Fresnel lens when sunlight is enough. The mode 2 is only LED lighting when there is no sunlight. The mode 3 is hybrid lighting with the two kinds sources at the same time, which can adjust the lighting ratio of LED according to the intensity of natural light to save energy. As a result, the three modes can meet the first section is greater than 120cd/m2, the second section is greater than 60cd/m2 in the threshold zone and the first section is greater than 30cd/m2, the second section is greater than 15cd/m2 in the exit zone, the total uniformity U0 is greater than or equal to 0.4, longitudinal uniformity U1 is greater than or equal to 0.6. Finally, this study solves three problems. First, uses LED as the light source, and uses optical design to improve the problem that the traditional high-pressure sodium lamp itself is too high to causes glare. Second, the average illuminance method is used to calculate the most appropriate lamp spacing and reduce the zebra pattern on the road surface. Third, combines the natural light and the artificial light source, when the outdoor luminance is the highest, the natural light replaces the traditional tunnel light to be fully open. When the natural light energy is reduced, the LED is used to supplement the tunnel lighting to maintain the tunnel lighting environment. The tunnel lights do not need to operate 24 hours a day to save energy.

[1]交通部高速公路局.國道照明應用LED路燈可行性評估. Available： https://www.freeway.gov.tw/Research.aspx?RID=44,2012.
[2]A. Mehri et al., "Safety Evaluation of the Lighting at the Entrance of a Very Long Road Tunnel: A Case Study in Ilam," (in English), Safety and Health at Work, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 151-155, Jun 2017.
[3]A. J.-W. Whang et al., "Natural light illumination system," Appl Opt, vol. 49, no. 35, pp. 6789-6801, 2010.
[4]高博元，自由曲面微結構線型放光器應用於自然光照明系統，碩士論文，臺北：國立台灣科技大學, 2015.
[5]I. Ullah, H. Lv, A. J.-W. Whang, and Y. Su, "Analysis of a novel design of uniformly illumination for Fresnel lens-based optical fiber daylighting system," Energy and Buildings, vol. 154, pp. 19-29, 2017.
[6]L. M. Gil-Martín, A. Peña-García, A. Jiménez, and E. Hernández-Montes, "Study of light-pipes for the use of sunlight in road tunnels: From a scale model to real tunnels," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 41, pp. 82-87, 2014.
[7]F. Chueco, F. López, and M. Bobadilla, "Technical and economic evaluation of fluorescent and LED luminaires in underground mining. A case study: New mine level of El Teniente," Energy and Buildings, vol. 93, pp. 16-22, 2015.
[8]S. Yoomak and A. Ngaopitakkul, "Optimisation of lighting quality and energy efficiency of LED luminaires in roadway lighting systems on different road surfaces," Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 38, pp. 333-347, 2018.
[9]Y. Jiang et al., "Field evaluation of selected light sources for roadway lighting," Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 372-385, 2018.
[10]M. S. Tsai, X. H. Lee, Y. C. Lo, and C. C. Sun, "Optical design of tunnel lighting with white light-emitting diodes," Appl Opt, vol. 53, no. 29, pp. H114-20, Oct 10 2014.
[11]L. M. Gil-Martín, A. Peña-García, E. Hernández-Montes, and A. Espín-Estrella, "Tension structures: A way towards sustainable lighting in road tunnels," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 223-227, 2011.
[12]A. Peña-García, J. C. López, and A. L. Grindlay, "Decrease of energy demands of lighting installations in road tunnels based in the forestation of portal surroundings with climbing plants," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 46, pp. 111-115, 2015.
[13]A. Peña-García, L. M. Gil-Martín, and E. Hernández-Montes, "Use of sunlight in road tunnels: An approach to the improvement of light-pipes’ efficacy through heliostats," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 60, pp. 135-140, 2016.
[14]蔡博宇，高效率共焦拋物面光學耦合器設計，碩士論文，臺北：國立台灣科技大學，2018.
[15]黃振庭，應用於自然光照明系統之高效率光傳遞自由曲面準直器設計方法， 碩士論文，臺北：國立台灣科技大學，2017.
[16]何友翰，設計可用於多光源的自由曲面透鏡應用於自然光照明系統，碩士論文，臺北：國立台灣科技大學，2013.
[17]李春霖，臺9線改善道路新設隧道照明節能技術研究，碩士論文，臺北：國立台灣科技大學，2018.
[18]Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage, CIE, "Guide for the Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses," CIE Publ. 88, Vienna,2004.
[19]S. Onaygil, Ö. Güler, and E. Erkin, "Determination of the effects of structural properties on tunnel lighting with examples from Turkey," Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 85-91, 2003.
[20]林原德，LED應用於隧道照明之可行性評估，碩士論文，臺北：國立台灣科技大學, 2011.
[21]DIALux道路照明的等級分類整理. Available： https://wenku.baidu.com/view/8aa0c250b307e87101f69692.html,2013.
[22]中華民國交通部，交通工程規範. Available： https://www.motc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=740&parentpath=0,2,738&mcustomize=divpubreg_view.jsp&dataserno=388&ou=divpubreg,ou=ap_root,o=motc,c=tw,2015.
[23]J. Mendes-Lopes, P. Benitez, J. C. Minano, and A. Santamaria, "Simultaneous multiple surface design method for diffractive surfaces," Opt Express, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 5584-5590, Mar 7 2016.
[24]P. Benı´tez, "Simultaneous multiple surface optical design method in three dimensions," Optical Engineering, vol. 43, no. 7, 2004.
[25]B. J. Chen et al., "Innovative light collimator with afocal lens and total internal reflection lens for daylighting system," Appl Opt, vol. 54, no. 28, pp. E165-70, Oct 1 2015.
[26]W. Tseng et al., "A freeform collimator lens design for the Natural Light Illumination System," Lighting Res. Technol, p. 1477153519829802, 2019.
[27]N.-H. Vu and S. Shin, "Cost-effective optical fiber daylighting system using modified compound parabolic concentrators," Solar Energy, vol. 136, pp. 145-152, 2016.
[28]J. J. Chen, Z. Y. Huang, T. S. Liu, M. D. Tsai, and K. L. Huang, "Freeform lens design for light-emitting diode uniform illumination by using a method of source-target luminous intensity mapping," Appl Opt, vol. 54, no. 28, pp. E146-52, Oct 1 2015.
[29]J.-J. Chen, T.-Y. Wang, K.-L. Huang, T.-S. Liu, M.-D. Tsai, and C.-T. J. O. e. Lin, "Freeform lens design for LED collimating illumination," Opt Express, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 10984-10995, 2012.
[30]CREE LED COMPONENTS. Available：
https://www.cree.com/led-components/products/xlamp-leds-integrated-arrays/xlamp-cmt2890.
[31]CIE Technical Report, Road lighting calculations, Publicati：CIE 140,International Commission on Illumination,pp.16~22,2000.