近年來以空間位置為基礎(Location Based Services)的應用服務日漸普及，
定位服務逐漸深入每個人的生活，相較於戶外 GPS 成熟的發展，在室內卻是較少
提及，因為 GPS 無法在室內使用，並且室內的環境變化較大，使得無線訊號容易
受到不同程度的干擾，因此室內定位技術目前有許多的方案。過往關於室內定位
的文獻大多都在探討硬體的設計或精準度提升等技術面的討論與研究，較少針對
室內定位技術於不同場域的探討及哪些可評估的因素，故本研究透過不同實際場
域的試驗，結合不同構面的評估指標，探討不同的定位技術於各場域的優缺點及
可行性。研究結果顯示 WiFi 定位在成本及時間構面會略佔優勢，但在品質構面
就相對較差，Beacon 在佈建上分為電線及電池供電兩種方式，這兩種佈建方式
會導致成本及時間構面上有較大落差，但是品質能保有較佳的水準，ZigBee 與
UWB 等兩種技術目前不支援手機，因此需要專屬的設備進行定位，導致硬體成本
較高，但是在空曠的場域下則能減少佈建的數量，UWB 的技術更是能達到公分級
的精準度，這個優勢是目前其他技術較難達到的，最後研究彙整各個場域的資料，
不同的室內定位技術都有其優勢及劣勢，實際上要使用何種定位技術，還是需要
依照各自的考量來選擇。

In recent years, The Location Based Services has become more popular. The
positioning service has gradually penetrated into everyone's life. Compared with the
mature development of outdoor GPS, it is less mentioned indoors because GPS cannot
be indoors. The use of indoor environment changes greatly, making wireless signals
susceptible to different degrees of interference, so there is not a mature technology with
indoor positioning。In the past, The technical aspects of hardware design and accuracy
was discussed the most often and less on the discussion of indoor positioning
technology in different fields and valuation factor,The Research will make the
experiment and combined with the different evaluation indicators.To explores the
advantages and disadvantages and feasibility of different positioning techniques in
different fields.
The results show that using WiFi positioning in the environment where wireless
network is available has advantage in cost and time aspect, but it is not as good as other
technologies in quality aspect. Beacon is divided into wire and battery power. These
two ways will cause a big difference in cost and deployment, but they can remain a
better quality. ZigBee and UWB do not currently support mobile phones, so special
devices are required for positioning, resulting in higher hardware costs, but the number
of deployments can be reduced in an open and large area. UWB technology is cm-level
accuracy. This advantage is difficult to achieve from other technology and compare the
score of each fields with different technology. There are own advantages and
disadvantages in different technology. In fact, the type of positioning technology will
choose by the consideration that the user needs.

[1] E. Kaasinen, "User needs for location-aware mobile services," Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 7, pp. 70-79, May 2003 2003. [2] C. L. Fernandez-Llatas, Aroa; Monton, Eduardo; Benedi, Jose-Miguel; Traver, Vicente, "Process Mining Methodology for Health Process Tracking Using Real-Time Indoor Location Systems.," Sensors, vol. 15, pp. 29821-29840., 2015. [3] A. Basiri et al., "Indoor location based services challenges, requirements and usability of current solutions," Computer Science Review, vol. 24, pp. 1-12, 2017/05/01/ 2017. [4] P. Wang and Y. Luo, "Research on WiFi Indoor Location Algorithm Based on RSSI Ranging," in 2017 4th International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering (ICISCE), 2017, pp. 1694-1698. [5] J. Yang, Z. Wang, and X. Zhang, An iBeacon-based indoor positioning systems for hospitals. 2015, pp. 161-168. [6] Z. He, B. Cui, W. Zhou, and S. Yokoi, "A proposal of interaction system between visitor and collection in museum hall by iBeacon," in 2015 10th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE), 2015, pp. 427-430. [7] K. Zhang, L. Zhang, F. Lu, and Y. Zhao, "Distance measurement algorithm for freeway vehicles based on Zigbee technology," in 2017 IEEE 2nd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), 2017, pp. 2007-2010. [8] B. Hofmann-Wellenhof, H. Lichtenegger, and J. Collins, Global positioning systems : theory and practice / B. Hofmann-Wellenhof, H. Lichtenegger, and J. Collins. 1994. [9] K. Hakyong, "A ranging scheme for asynchronous location positioning systems," in 2009 6th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication, 2009, pp. 89-94. [10] J. Xing Lee, Z. Lin, and F. P. S. Chin, Symmetric Double Side Two Way Ranging with Unequal Reply Time. 2007, pp. 1980-1983. [11] M. O. Sunay and I. Tekin, "Mobile location tracking in DS CDMA networks using forward link time difference of arrival and its application to zone-based billing," in Seamless Interconnection for Universal Services. Global Telecommunications Conference. GLOBECOM'99. (Cat. No.99CH37042), 1999, vol. 1A, pp. 143-147 vol.1a.
84

[12] S. Zhang, R. Han, W. Huang, S. Wang, and Q. Hao, "Linear Bayesian Filter Based Low-Cost UWB Systems for Indoor Mobile Robot Localization," in 2018 IEEE SENSORS, 2018, pp. 1-4. [13] T. G. Kim, D. Seo, and K. Joo, "A Following System for a Specific Object Using a UWB System," in 2018 18th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS), 2018, pp. 958-960. [14] G. Wang, S. Cai, Y. Li, and M. Jin, "Second-Order Cone Relaxation for TOABased Source Localization With Unknown Start Transmission Time," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 2973-2977, 2014. [15] M. N. Rahman, M. T. I. A. T. Hanuranto, and S. T. M. T. R. Mayasari, "Trilateration and iterative multilateration algorithm for localization schemes on Wireless Sensor Network," in 2017 International Conference on Control, Electronics, Renewable Energy and Communications (ICCREC), 2017, pp. 8892. [16] P. Bahl and V. N. Padmanabhan, "RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system," in Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064), 2000, vol. 2, pp. 775-784 vol.2. [17] M. Ji, J. Kim, J. Jeon, and Y. Cho, "Analysis of positioning accuracy corresponding to the number of BLE beacons in indoor positioning system," in 2015 17th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2015, pp. 92-95. [18] T. S. Rappaport and S. Sandhu, "Radio-wave propagation for emerging wireless personal-communication systems," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 14-24, 1994. [19] I. Kuzminykh, A. Snihurov, and A. Carlsson, Testing of communication range in ZigBee technology. 2017, pp. 133-136. [20] A. Hameed and H. A. Ahmed, Survey on indoor positioning applications based on different technologies. 2018, pp. 1-5.