簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 范育祺
Abdoulie Fatty
論文名稱： Rock Slope Back Calculations Considering Material Uncertainties
Rock Slope Back Calculations Considering Material Uncertainties
指導教授： 李安叡
An-Jui Li
口試委員: 林宏達
Horn-Da Lin
楊亦東
I-Tung Yang
熊彬成
Benson Hsiung
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年： 2019
畢業學年度： 107
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 107
中文關鍵詞： Back Calculation 、Genetic Algorithms 、Particle Swarm Optimization 、Rock Slopes
外文關鍵詞： Back Calculation, Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, Rock Slopes
相關次數： 點閱：279  下載：0 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • Generally, in Geotechnical engineering, back analyses are used to investigate uncertain parameters. Back analyses can be done by considering known conditions, such as failure surfaces, displacements, and structural performances. In fact, solutions of many engineering problems can be formulated as the optimized results of a function. While a continuous convex optimization process governs many engineering problems, this is not the case for most Geotechnical problems. Many Geotechnical problems have irregular solution domains, with the objective function being nonconvex and may not be a continuous function. As such, a complex nonlinear optimization function is typically required for most Geotechnical problems in order to attain better understandings of these uncertainties. Therefore, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are utilized in this thesis to facilitate in back analyses based on upper bound finite element limit analysis method. These techniques are part of evolutionary computation, which is appropriate for solving nonlinear global optimization problems. By using these techniques with numerical upper bound method, two case studies showed that the obtained results are reasonable and reliable while maintaining a balance between computational time and accuracy.

    Generally, in Geotechnical engineering, back analyses are used to investigate uncertain parameters. Back analyses can be done by considering known conditions, such as failure surfaces, displacements, and structural performances. In fact, solutions of many engineering problems can be formulated as the optimized results of a function. While a continuous convex optimization process governs many engineering problems, this is not the case for most Geotechnical problems. Many Geotechnical problems have irregular solution domains, with the objective function being nonconvex and may not be a continuous function. As such, a complex nonlinear optimization function is typically required for most Geotechnical problems in order to attain better understandings of these uncertainties. Therefore, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are utilized in this thesis to facilitate in back analyses based on upper bound finite element limit analysis method. These techniques are part of evolutionary computation, which is appropriate for solving nonlinear global optimization problems. By using these techniques with numerical upper bound method, two case studies showed that the obtained results are reasonable and reliable while maintaining a balance between computational time and accuracy.

    TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER 1......1 INTRODUCTION....1 1.1. Motivation and Background......1 1.2. Thesis Structure....... 2 CHAPTER 2...... 3 LITERATURE REVIEW...... 3 2.1 Slope Stability Problems....... 3 2.2 Failure Modes and Failure Mechanism for Slopes...... 4 2.2.1 Rotation Shear Failure...... 4 2.2.2 Plane Shear Failure...... 6 2.2.3 Crushing, Buckling and Toppling Failure...... 7 2.3 Earthquake-Triggered Rock Slope Failures...... 9 2.4 Empirical Failure Criteria for Rock Masses...... 10 2.4.1 The Generalized Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion...... 10 2.4.2 Mohr-Coulomb Criterion...... 12 2.5 Numerical Approach...... 14 2.5.1 Limit Analysis...... 14 2.6 Back-Analysis...... 16 2.7 Optimization Methods for Slope Stability Analysis...... 19 CHAPTER 3...... 21 METHODOLOGY...... 21 3.1 Introduction...... 21 3.2 Nature Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms...... 23 3.2.1 Genetic Algorithms...... 25 3.2.1.1 Basic Terminology...... 27 3.2.1.2 Implementation of Genetic Algorithm...... 28 3.2.1.3 Genetic Algorithm Pseudo-code...... 31 3.2.1.4 Genetic Algorithm Parameter and Operator Settings...... 32 3.2.2 Particle Swarm Optimization...... 33 3.2.2.1 Description...... 33 3.2.2.2 Characteristics of PSO...... 33 3.2.2.3 PSO Algorithm Parameters...... 37 3.2.2.4 PSO Pseudo-Code ...... 40 3.3 The Limit Theorems...... 41 3.3.1 Upper Bound Limit Analysis...... 42 CHAPTER 4 CASE STUDIES...... 45 4.1 CASE STUDY 1...... 45 4.1.1 Introduction...... 45 4.1.2 Overview of Slope Failure at a Barite Open Pit Mine...... 45 4.1.3 Numerical Model of the Rock Slope...... 48 4.1.4 The Objective Function...... 49 4.1.5 Results...... 50 4.1.5.1 Back Calculation of One Uncertainty Slope Parameter...... 50 4.1.5.2 Back Calculation of Two Uncertainty Slope Parameters...... 52 4.1.5.3 Back Calculation of Three Uncertainty Slope Parameters...... 53 4.1.5.4 Back Calculation of Four Uncertainty Slope Parameters...... 54 4.1.5.5 Comparison of Failure Mechanisms...... 55 4.1.6 Statistical Study on the Distribution and Range of D...... 57 4.2 CASE STUDY 2...... 67 4.2.1 Introduction...... 67 4.2.2 Outline of the Wenchuan earthquake and the Daguangbao landslide...... 67 4.2.3 Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Rock Slope...... 71 4.2.4 Geometry of the Upper Bound Finite Element Limit Analysis (UB-FELA) Model..... 72 4.2.5 Objective Function 73 4.2.6 Results...... 73 4.2.6.1 Back Analyzing the Horizontal Seismic Coefficient (kh) Slope Parameter...... 73 4.2.6.2 Back Analyzing kh and σci Slope Parameters...... 74 4.2.6.3 Back Analyzing kh, σci and GSI Slope Parameters...... 75 4.2.6.4 Back Analyzing kh, σci , GSI and mi Slope Parameters...... 76 4.2.6.5 Comparisons of Failure Mechanisms...... 77 4.2.7 Statistical Study...... 80 4.2.7.1 Results...... 80 CHAPTER 5...... 87 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE STUDY...... 87 5.1 Conclusion...... 87 5.2 Future Study...... 88

    Arai, K., H. Ohta, K. Kojima and M. Wakasugi (1986). "Application of back-analysis to several test embankments on soft clays deposits." Soils and Foundations 26(2): 60-72.

    Aydan, Ö. and R. Ulusay (2002). "Back-analysis of a seismically induced highway embankment failure during the 1999 Düzce earthquake." Environmental Geology 42(6): 621-631.

    Baker, R. (1980). "Determination of the critical slip surface in slope stability computations." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 4(4), 333-359.

    Barton, N. (2002). "Deformation moduli and rock mass characterization." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 17(2): 221-222.

    Bianchi, L., M. Dorigo, L. M. Gambardella and W. J. Gutjahr (2009). "A survey on metaheuristics for stochastic combinatorial optimization." Natural Computing 8(2): 239-287.

    Bieniawski, Z. T. (1973). Engineering classification of rock masses.

    Blum, C. and A. Roli (2003). "Metaheuristics in combinatorial optimization: Overview and conceptual comparison." ACM Comput. Surv. 35(3): 268-308.

    Calvello, M. (2002). "Inverse analysis of supported excavations through Chicago glacial clays." Inverse analysis of supported excavations through Chicago glacial clays.

    Calvello, M. and R. J. Finno (2004). "Selecting parameters to optimize in model calibration by inverse analysis." Computers and Geotechnics 31(5): 411-425.

    Carlisle, A. and G. Dozier (2001). An off-the-shelf PSO.

    Chen, W. F. (1975). Preface. Developments in Geotechnical Engineering. W.-F. Chen, Elsevier. 7: IX-X.

    Cividini, A., L. Jurina and G. Gioda (1981). "Some aspects of 'characterization' problems in geomechanics." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and 18(6): 487-503.

    Cui, P., Y.-y. Zhu, Y.-s. Han, X.-q. Chen and J.-q. Zhuang (2009). "The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: distribution and preliminary risk evaluation." Landslides 6(3): 209-223.

    Drucker, D. C., W. Parger and N. J. Greenberg (1952). "Extended limit design theorems for continuous media." Quaterly of Applied Mathematics Vol.9: 381-389.

    Drucker, D. C. and W. Prager (1952). "Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design." Quart. Appl. Math 10(2): 157-165.

    Eberhardt, E., D. Stead and J. S. Coggan (2004). "Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes—the 1991 Randa rockslide." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 41(1): 69-87.

    Einstein, H. H., D. Veneziano, G. B. Baecher and K. J. O'Reilly (1983). "The effect of discontinuity persistence on rock slope stability." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 20(5): 227-236.

    Engelbrecht, A. P. (2007). Computational Intelligence: An Introduction

    Finno Richard, J. and M. Calvello (2005). "Supported Excavations: Observational Method and Inverse Modeling." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 131(7): 826-836.

    Finno, R. J., S. Bryson and M. Calvello (2002). "Performance of a stiff support system in soft clay." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 128(8): 660-671.

    Gandomi, A. H. and A. H. Alavi (2016). "An introduction of Krill Herd algorithm for engineering optimization." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 22(3): 302-310.

    Gioda, G. and L. Locatelli (1999). "Back analysis of the measurements performed during the excavation of a shallow tunnel in sand." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 23(13): 1407-1425.

    Gioda, G. and G. Maier (1980). "Direct search solution of an inverse problem in elastoplasticity: Identification of cohesion, friction angle and in situ stress by pressure tunnel tests." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15(12): 1823-1848.

    Glover, F. (1986). "Future paths for integer programming and links to artificial intelligence." Computers & Operations Research 13(5): 533-549.

    Goh, A. T. C. (1999). "Genetic algorithm search for critical slip surface in multiple-wedge stability analysis." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36(2): 382-391.

    Goh, A. T. C. (2000). "SEARCH FOR CRITICAL SLIP CIRCLE USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS." Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 17(3): 181-211.

    Goodman Richard, E. and D. S. Kieffer (2000). "Behavior of Rock in Slopes." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 126(8): 675-684.

    Gorum, T., X. Fan, C. J. van Westen, R. Q. Huang, Q. Xu, C. Tang and G. Wang (2011). "Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake." Geomorphology 133(3): 152-167.

    Grasselli, G. and P. Egger (2003). Constitutive law for the shear strength of rock joints based on three-dimensional parameters.

    Guo, J. and W. Zhang (2011). Using particle swarm optimization scheme to settlement prediction. 2011 Seventh International Conference on Natural Computation.

    Hoek, E. (1983). "Strength of jointed rock masses." Géotechnique 33(3): 187-223.

    Hoek, E. (1990). "Estimating Mohr-Coulomb friction and cohesion values from the Hoek-Brown failure criterion." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 27(3): 227-229.

    Hoek, E. and J. D. Bray (1981). Rock Slope Engineering: Third Edition, Taylor & Francis.

    Hoek, E. and E. T. Brown (1980). "Empirical strength criterion for rock masses." Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE 106(GT9, Proc. Paper, 15715): 1013-1035.

    Hoek, E. and E. T. Brown (1997). "Practical estimates of rock mass strength." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 34(8): 1165-1186.

    Hoek, E. and C. Carranza-Torres (2002). Hoek-Brown failure criterion—2002 Edition.

    Hoek, E., C. Carranza-Torres and B. Corkum (2002). 267-273.

    Honjo, Y., L. Wen‐Tsung and S. Guha (1994). "Inverse analysis of an embankment on soft clay by extended Bayesian method." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 18(10): 709-734.

    Huang, R., X. Pei, X. Fan, W. Zhang, S. Li and B. Li (2012). "The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China." Landslides 9(1): 131-142.

    Huang, R., Q. Xu and J. Huo (2011). "Mechanism and geo-mechanics models of landslides triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake." Journal of Mountain Science 8(2): 200-210.

    Jibson, R. W., E. L. Harp and J. A. Michael (2000). "A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps." Engineering Geology 58(3): 271-289.

    K., K. D. (1984). "Landslides caused by earthquakes." GSA Bulletin 95(4): 406-421.

    Kalatehjari, R., A. S. A Rashid, N. Ali and M. Hajihassani (2014). "The Contribution of Particle Swarm Optimization to Three-Dimensional Slope Stability Analysis." The Scientific World Journal 2014: 12.

    Keefer (1984). "Landslides caused by earthquakes." GSA Bulletin 95(4): 406-421.

    Kendorski, F. S., R. A. Cummings, Z. T. Bieniawski and E. H. Skinner (1983). Rock Mass Classification For Block Caving Mine Drift Support. 5th ISRM Congress. Melbourne, Australia, International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.

    Kennedy, J. and R. Eberhart (1995). Particle swarm optimization. Neural Networks, 1995. Proceedings., IEEE International Conference on.

    Khajehzadeh, M., A. El-Shafie and M. Taha (2010). Modified particle swarm optimization for probabilistic slope stability analysis.

    Krabbenhoft, K., L. Damkilde and S. Krabbenhoft (2005). "Ultimate limit state design of sheet pile walls by finite elements and nonlinear programming." Computers & Structures 83(4): 383-393.

    Levasseur, S., Y. Malecot, M. Boulon and E. Flavigny (2009). "Statistical inverse analysis based on genetic algorithm and principal component analysis: Applications to excavation problems and pressuremeter tests." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 34(5): 471-491.

    Levasseur, S., Y. Malecot, M. Boulon and E. Flavigny (2009). "Statistical inverse analysis based on genetic algorithm and principal component analysis: Method and developments using synthetic data." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 33(12): 1485-1511.

    Levasseur, S., Y. Malécot, M. Boulon and E. Flavigny (2007). "Soil parameter identification using a genetic algorithm." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 32(2): 189-213.

    Liang, Z., B. Gong, C. Tang, Y. Zhang and T. Ma (2014). "Displacement Back Analysis for a High Slope of the Dagangshan Hydroelectric Power Station Based on BP Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization." The Scientific World Journal 2014: 11.

    Lyamin, A. and S. Sloan (2002). Upper bound analysis using linear finite elements and non-linear programming.
    Lyamin, A. V. and S. W. Sloan (2002). "Lower bound limit analysis using non‐linear programming." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 55(5): 573-611.

    Marinos,V. Marinos, P. and Hoek, E. (2005) "The geological strength index: applications and limitations.'Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 64(1): 55-65.

    McCombie, P. and P. Wilkinson (2002). "The use of the simple genetic algorithm in finding the critical factor of safety in slope stability analysis." Computers and Geotechnics 29(8): 699-714.

    Oreste, P. (2005). "Back-analysis techniques for the improvement of the understanding of rock in underground constructions." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 20(1): 7-21.

    Ou, C. Y. and Y. G. Tang (1994). "Soil parameter determination for deep excavation analysis by optimization." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,Series A/Chung-kuo Kung Ch'eng Hsuch K'an 17(5): 671-688.

    Rechea, C., S. Levasseur and R. Finno (2008). "Inverse analysis techniques for parameter identification in simulation of excavation support systems." Computers and Geotechnics 35(3): 331-345.

    Sabhahit, N. and A. Rao (2011). "Genetic algorithms in stability analysis of non-homogeneous slopes." International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 5(1): 33-44.

    Sakurai, S. (1993). Back Analysis in Rock Enginnering Rock Testing and Site
    Characterization, Hudson J. A. Elsivier Science

    Samarajiva, P., J. Macari Emir and W. Wathugala (2005). "Genetic Algorithms for the Calibration of Constitutive Models for Soils." International Journal of Geomechanics 5(3): 206-217.

    Sengupta, A. and A. Upadhyay (2009). "Locating the critical failure surface in a slope stability analysis by genetic algorithm." Applied Soft Computing 9(1): 387-392.

    Sheorey, P. R. (1997). Empirical Rock Failure Criteria, Taylor & Francis.

    Shi, Y. and R. C. Eberhart (1999). Empirical study of particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation-CEC99 (Cat. No. 99TH8406).

    Simpson, A. R. and S. D. Priest (1993). "The application of genetic algorithms to optimisation problems in geotechnics." Computers and Geotechnics 15(1): 1-19.

    Sloan, S. W. and P. W. Kleeman (1995). "Upper bound limit analysis using discontinuous velocity fields." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 127(1): 293-314.

    Sonmez, H., R. Ulusay and C. Gokceoglu (1998). "A practical procedure for the back analysis of slope failures in closely jointed rock masses." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 35(2): 219-233.

    Spencer (1967). A Method of Analysis of the Stability of Embankments Assuming Parallel Inter-Slice Forces.

    Taylor, D. W. (1948). "Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics." Soil Science 66(2): 161.

    Ulusay, R. and H. Aksoy (1994). "Assessment of the failure mechanism of a highwall slope under spoil pile loadings at a coal mine." Engineering Geology 38(1): 117-134.

    Urgeles, R., D. Leynaud, G. Lastras, M. Canals and J. Mienert (2006). "Back-analysis and failure mechanisms of a large submarine slide on the ebro slope, NW Mediterranean." Marine Geology 226(3): 185-206.

    Wilson, R. (1985). "Predicting Areal Limit of Earthquake-Induced Landsliding,Evaluating Eathquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Region - An Earth-Science Perspective." U. S. Geological Survery Professional Paper 1360: 317-345.

    You, K. (2014). "A case study on the utilization of tunnel face mapping data for a back analysis based on artificial neural network." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 18(3): 751-759.

    Zhang, Y., G. Chen, L. Zheng, Y. Li and J. Wu (2013). "Effects of near-fault seismic loadings on run-out of large-scale landslide: A case study." Engineering Geology 166: 216-236.

    Zhang, Y., J. Zhang, G. Chen, L. Zheng and Y. Li (2015). "Effects of vertical seismic force on initiation of the Daguangbao landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 73: 91-102.

    Zhu, C., H. Zhao and M. Zhao (2014). "Back Analysis of Geomechanical Parameters in Underground Engineering Using Artificial Bee Colony." The Scientific World Journal 2014: 693812.

    QR CODE