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研究生: 黃光緯
Kuang-Wei Huang
論文名稱: 窄頻物聯網隨機存取通道之適應性資源配置
Adaptive Resource Allocation for Narrow Band Internet of Things Physical Random Access Channel
指導教授: 馮輝文
Huei-Wen Ferng
口試委員: 林嘉慶
Jia-Chia Lin
鄭瑞光
Ray-Guang Cheng
張宏慶
Hung-Chin Jang
馮輝文
Huei-Wen Ferng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電資學院 - 資訊工程系
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
論文出版年: 2020
畢業學年度: 108
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 35
中文關鍵詞: 窄頻物聯網大規模機器型態通訊低功耗廣域網路隨機存取程 序
外文關鍵詞: Narrow Band Internet of Things, Massive Machine-Type Communications, Low-Power Wide-Area Network, Random Access Procedure
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  • 國際行動通訊組織(International Mobile Telecommunications-2020, IMT-2020) 確定了第五代行動通訊網路(the 5th Generation (5G) Mobile CommunicationNetwork) 並訂定三大主要情境:
    (1) 增強型行動寬頻通訊(Enhanced MobileBroadband, eMBB)、(2) 超可靠度和低延遲通訊(Ultra-Reliable and Low LatencyCommunications, URLLC)、(3) 大規模機器型通訊(Massive Machine-Type Communications,mMTC),其中第三代合作夥伴計畫(the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP) 標準組織於第十三版(Release 13) 提出的窄頻物聯網(Narrow Band Internet of Things, NB-IoT),其為一項具備低成本、低功耗、大量連接等特性的低功耗廣域網路傳輸(Low-Power Wide-Area Network, LPWAN) 技術,且可做為5G mMTC 的基礎技術。於NB-IoT 中,每當使用者欲發送數據到基地台時,需要執行隨機存取程序(Random Access Procedure) 以建立連線,然而,在大規模機器型態通訊應用場景中設備數量龐大,當大量設備在短時間內發起傳送請求時,由於資源不足將導致大量的碰撞發生,因而降低隨機存取機率。於是,本碩士論文將透過多頻帶多通道時槽阿羅哈(Slotted ALOHA) 系統實踐NB-IoT 的涵蓋範圍延伸級別,並提出一種適應性機制來調配傳送次數及後退窗口大小,在維持存取延遲大小的情況下,能進一步讓存取機率提升。


    International mobile telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020) has identified the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication network and defines three major scenarios: (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), (3) massive machine-type communications (mMTC). As for the narrow band Internet of things (NB-IoT) proposed by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standards organization in Release 13, it is a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology with features such as low cost, low power consumption, and a large number of connections. NB-IoT can be used to serve as the basic technology of 5G mMTC. Whenever a user in NB-IoT wants to send data to a base station, a random access procedure needs to be invoked to establish a connection. However, in the mMTC application scenario, the number of devices is huge. When a large number of devices initiate transmission requests within a short period of time, a large number of collisions will occur due to insufficient resources, reducing the probability of random access. Therefore, the coverage extension level (CE Level) of NB-IoT will be implemented through a multi-band and multi-channel slotted ALOHA system in this thesis. Then, an adaptive mechanism to adjust the number of transmissions and the backoff window size is proposed as well to further increase the probability of random access while maintaining the access delay.

    論文指導教授推薦書. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 考試委員審定書. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii 中文摘要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii 英文摘要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv 誌謝. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v 目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 表目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii 圖目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 第一章、緒論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 大規模機器型態通訊(mMTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 低功耗廣域網路(LPWAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 窄頻物聯網(NB-IoT) 的基本介紹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4 窄頻物聯網(NB-IoT) 的佈署模式. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.5 涵蓋範圍延伸等級(CE Level) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.6 研究背景和動機. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.7 論文章節之安排. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 第二章、相關文獻探討. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1 窄頻物聯網(NB-IoT) 隨機存取程序. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 多頻帶多通道時槽阿羅哈系統(Multi-Band Multi-Channel Slotted ALOHA System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2.1 頻帶中最大嘗試傳送次數及總嘗試傳送次數. . . . . . . . . 10 2.3 實體隨機存取通道(NPRACH) 資源配置. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 第三章、本碩士論文所提之方法與設計. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.1 問題描述. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 涵蓋範圍延伸等級之最大傳送次數及總傳送次數. . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3 後退窗口(Backoff Window) 大小之選擇. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.4 子載波(Subcarrier) 數量. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.5 蓋範圍延伸等級內不同比例之使用者設備數量討論. . . . . . . . . 14 3.6 所提機制之演算法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 第四章、數值結果與討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.1 模擬環境參數設定. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.2 存取機率與不同數量使用者之關係. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.2.1 Beta 到訪(Beta Arrival) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.2.2 存取機率與涵蓋範圍延伸等級(CE Level) 使用者設備數量 比例變化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.2.3 延遲約束(Delay Constraint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 第五章、結論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 參考文獻. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

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