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研究生: 林廷翰
TING-HAN LIN
論文名稱: 氣壓擠料金屬3D列印機台開發
Research on metal 3D printer with pneumatic extrusion
指導教授: 鄭逸琳
Yih-Lin Cheng
口試委員: 劉孟昆
Meng-Kun Liu
郭重顯
Chung-Hsien Kuo
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2016
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 94
中文關鍵詞: 熔融擠製成型積層製造金屬加工
外文關鍵詞: fused deposition modeling, additive manufacturing, metal processing
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  • 現今金屬積層製造技術主要有兩種,一種是粉床熔融成型技術,另一種則是直接能量沉積技術,兩者工作原理皆是讓金屬粉末堆疊,並以雷射光源等能量使粉末之間互相熔融接合,但是這些光電能量設備導致整體列印機造價昂貴接近千萬元,故本研究欲開發一套低成本之金屬3D列印設備。
    本研究使用熔融擠製成型(Fused Deposition Modeling,FDM)之製程原理,搭配粘結劑混合316不鏽鋼粉末之金屬材料做測試,首先設計針筒形狀之加熱槽可使材料在其中加熱熔融,並使用恆溫加熱控制點膠機提供加熱來源,同時也可以透過點膠機設定所需之擠出壓力,並且修改了Arduino內部之程式碼使點膠機之擠料開關可以被自動控制,之後進行不鏽鋼材料列印測試,實驗依序測試出了適合此材料的加熱溫度、擠出壓力、列印速度等控制參數,最後成功列印出長方體模型。從實驗中觀察到列印之物件Z軸方向尺寸可以有良好之精度,但XY方向受限於材料本身性質僅能透過較粗噴嘴孔徑擠出,導致XY方向精度較差,若未來改善材料配方,讓材料能通過細小噴嘴孔徑,即可改善金屬3D列印之製作精度,使積層製造技術可以被更廣泛的應用。


    Nowadays, there are two kinds of metal additive manufacturing technology, one is the powder bed fusion technology, the other is the direct energy deposition technique, both of the two working principle let metal powder stack at an appropriate position, and use laser light, etc. to make the powder melt to bond to each other. The printing machine is expensive due to these high energy device, so this study desire to develop a low-cost metal 3D printing equipment.
    This study uses the principle of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) with the material which is 316 stainless steel powder mixed with binder. At first, a syringes shaped heating tank is designed to melt the material, a thermostatic heating control dispenser provide both of heating and pressure control. The study modifies Arduino's program code to control the dispenser¸ and then moves on to printing parameter test of stainless steel material. The heating temperature, extrusion pressure and printing speed are found and a rectangular model is printed in the end. The model has good precision in Z direction, however, the material can be extruded through thick nozzle due to material’s property which lead to worse precision in XY direction. It is expected the quality of metal 3D printing can be improved by changing the material formulation which can pass through finer nozzle so that additive manufacturing technology can be more widely used.

    摘要 Abstract 致謝 圖目錄 表目錄 第一章 緒論 1.1 研究背景 1.2 研究動機與目的 1.3 研究方法 1.4 論文架構 第二章 文獻探討 2.1 積層製造技術(Additive Manufacturing,AM) 2.2 直接能量沉積技術 2.3 粉床熔融成型技術 2.4 現有金屬擠製成型機台 第三章 列印機整體架構 3.1 設計概念 3.2 FDM機台選用 3.3 機台本體結構 3.4 噴頭模組設計 3.5 電機元件 第四章 控制系統架構 4.1 Arduino 4.2 Marlin 4.3 列印機控制軟體 4.4 切層軟體 4.5 開關控制 第五章 不鏽鋼材料列印測試 5.1 不鏽鋼材料簡介 5.2 加熱溫度觀測 5.3 直線測試 5.4 平面測試 5.5 立體測試 第六章 結論與未來展望 6.1 結論 6.2 未來工作與展望 參考文獻

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