跨組織協調實乃資訊系統委外專案中不可或缺的要素，但過去學者專家對於資訊系統委外之研究，較多偏向使用經濟學理論或社會學理論為觀點，而忽略跨組織協調對於委外專案之重要性。事實上，在一個資訊系統委外專案中，業主與軟體廠商應該攜手合作，共同承擔專案管理的責任並且不斷的進行跨組織協調，最終產生適切的跨組織協調機制，方能使委外專案圓滿結束。
本研究欲以跨組織協調為觀點，探討在資訊系統委外專案中，業主與軟體廠商如何進行跨組織協調，又產生何種跨組織協調機制得以幫助專案的執行，最終達到專案管理之目的，並促進委外專案順利進行。因為近年來資訊安全系統係屬資訊系統委外中重要的一項，故本研究特別以三家國內E-DRM系統領導廠商為研究對象，針對專案過程中雙方所執行之各項協調活動進行分析。
過去學者專家曾提出協調可分為標準、計劃、調整三大類別，然而此為一種「規範性」之解釋，並未詳述該如何進行。本研究採用質性研究及深入的個案探討，最後彙整出：（1）互動規章、（2）稽核、（3）資訊平衡、（4）行事指標、（5）監督、（6）介面建構、（7）平台設立等七個跨組織協調機制，而此七項協調機制將分別促成上述之協調三大類別。

Interorganizational coordination is one of the essential elements of information system (IS) outsourcing projects. However, prior research has majorly focused on the economic and social perspectives of IS outsourcing projects, and given little attentions to the coordination issue of IS outsourcing projects. This study argues that: clients and vendors should share the responsibilities for managing IS outsourcing projects, and continuesly conduct the interorganizational coordination in order to achieve a best result.
The major purposes of this study are to examine the coordination mechanisms of IS outsourcing projects, and answer the following question: What coordination mechanisms will evolve during an IS outsourcing process? In particulary, information security has become an important issue of IT outsourcing reseach, therefore this study has selected three leading E-DRM vendors for our case studies and analyzed the interorganizational coordination activities and mechanisms in terms of three types of coordination, including standards, plans, and mutual adjustments.
Based on the case anlysis, seven interorganizational coordination mechanisms have been proposed: (1) Mutual Abidance, (2) Auditting, (3) Information Balencing, (4) Execution Guidance, (5) Supervising, (6) Interface Implementation, (7) Platform Establishment.

中文部份：
[1] 李淑芳, 1995, 台灣地區資訊系統委外決策考慮因素之研究, 國立中央大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文
[2] 林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花, 2005, 質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟分析, 身心障礙研究 3(2), 122 - 136
[3] 郭良文、林素甘, 2001, 質化與量化研究方法之比較分析, 資訊傳播與圖書館學 7(4), 1 - 14
[4] 楊蓉昌, 1990, 企業組織與管理：工商管理, 五南圖書出版公司

英文部分：
[1] Adler, P. S., 1995, Interdepartmental Interdependence and Coordination: The Case of the Design/Manufacturing Interface, Organization Science 6(2), 147 - 167
[2] Alexander, E. R., 1993, Interorganizational Coordination: Theory and Practice, Journal of Planning Literature 7(4), 328 - 343
[3] Ang, S. and Straub, D. W., 1998, Production and Transaction Economies in IS Outsourcing: A Study of the US Banking Industry, MIS Quarterly 22(4), 535 - 552
[4] Applegate, L. and Montealegre, R., 1991, Eastman Kodak Company: Managing Information Systems through Strategic Alliances, Harvard Business School Case 9-192-030
[5] Aubert, B. A., Rivard, S. and Patry, M., 2004, A Transaction Cost Model of IT Outsourcing, Information & Management 41(7), 921 - 932
[6] Babbie, E., 1999, The Basics of Social Research, Thomson Wadsworth
[7] Chou, T. C., Chen, J. R. and Pan, S. L., 2006, The Impacts of Social Capital on Information Technology Outsourcing Decisions: A Case Study of a Taiwanese High-tech Firm, International Journal of Information Management 26(3), 249 - 256
[8] Clark, T. D., Zmud, R. W. and McCray, G. E., 1995, The Outsourcing of Information Services: Transforming the Nature of Business in the Information Industry, Journal of Information Technology 10(4), 221 - 237
[9] Dellon, A. L., 1983, A Specification for Effective Cost and Project Control, Conference on Current Practice in Cost Estimating and Cost Control, 85 - 94
[10] Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S., 1994, Handbook of Qualitative Research , Sage Publications
[11] Due, R. T., 1992, The Real Cost of Outsourcing, Information Systems Management 9(1), 78 - 81
[12] Eisenhardt, K. M., 1989, Building theories from case study research, Academy of Management Review 14(4), 532 - 550
[13] Feeny, D. F. and Willcocks , L. P., 1998, Core IS Capabilities for Exploiting Information Technology, Sloan Management Review 39(3), 1 - 26
[14] Galbraith, J. R., 1977, Organization Design, Addison-Wesley
[15] Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L., 1967, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Aldine Transaction
[16] Gordon, K. A., 1994, Outsourcing Information Technology, Fortnightly 132(2), 27 - 30
[17] Grover, V., Cheon, M. J. and Teng, J. T. C., 1996, The Effect of Service Quality and Partnership on the Outsourcing of Information Systems Functions, Journal of Management Information Systems 12(4), 89 - 116
[18] Guterl, F., 1996, How to Manage Your Outsourcer, Datamation March(1), 79 - 83
[19] Heiskanen, A., Newman, M. and Simila, J., 1996, Software Contracting: A Process Model Approach, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems
[20] Iannella, R., 2001, Digital Rights Management (DRM) Architectures, D-Lib Magazine 7(6)
[21] Jiang, B., Belohlav, J. A. and Young, S. T., 2007, Outsourcing Impact on Manufacturing Firms' Value: Evidence from Japan, Journal of Operations Management 25(4), 885 - 900
[22] Kakabadse, A. and Kakabadse, N., 2002, Trends in Outsourcing: Contrasting USA and Europe, European Management Journal 20(2), 189 - 198
[23] Kaufmann, F. X., Majone, G. and Ostrom, V., 1986, Guidance, Control, and Evaluation in the Public Sector: The Bielefeld Interdisciplinary Project, Walter De Gruyter
[24] Koppelmann, U., 1996, Grundsatzliche Uberlegungen zum Outsourcing, Outsourcing Schaeffer-Poeschel Stuttgart, 1 - 9
[25] Kraut, R. E. and Streeter, L. A., 1995, Coordination in Software Development, Communications of the ACM 38(3), 69 - 81
[26] Kumar, K. and van Dissel, H. G., 1996, Sustainable Collaboration: Managing Conflict and Cooperation in Interorganizational Systems, MIS Quarterly 20(3), 279 - 300
[27] Laabs, J. J., 1993, Successful Outsourcing Depends on Critical Factors, Personnel Journal, 51 - 60
[28] Lacity, M. C. and Hirschheim, R. A., 1993, Information Systems Outsourcing: Myths, Metaphors, and Realities, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY, USA
[29] Lawrence, P. and Lorsch, J., 1967, Organizations and Environment, Harvard Business School Press, Boston
[30] Lee, J. N. and Kim, Y. G., 1999, Effect of Partnership Quality on IS Outsourcing Success: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Validation, Journal of Management Information Systems 15(4), 29 - 61
[31] Leibs, S., 1998, Outsourcing's No Cure-all, Industry Week April(6), 20 - 28
[32] Lindblom, C. E., 1965, The Intelligence of Democracy: Decision Making Through Mutual Adjustment, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 363, 158 - 159
[33] Loh, L. and Venkatraman, N., 1992, Determinants of Information Technology Outsourcing: A Cross-sectional Analysis, Journal of Management Information Systems 9(1), 7 - 24
[34] Loh, L. and Venkatraman, N., 1995, Diffusion of Information Technology Outsourcing: Influence Sources and the Kodak Effect, Managing Information Technology Investments with Outsourcing, 292 - 325
[35] Lustick, I., 1980, Explaining the Variable Utility of Disjointed Incrementalism: Four Propositions, The American Political Science Review 74(2), 342 - 353
[36] Malone, T. W. and Crowston, K., 1990, What is Coordination Theory and How can it Help Design Cooperative Work Systems?, ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work, 357 - 370
[37] March, J. G. and Simon, H. A., 1958, Organizations, John Wiley & Sons
[38] Marshall, C. and Rossman, G. B., 1990, Designing Qualitative Research, Sage Publications
[39] Martinez, J. I. and Jarillo, J. C., 1991, Coordination Demands of International Strategies, Journal of International Business Studies 22(3), 429 - 444
[40] Maslow, A. H., 1998, Maslow on Management, John Wiley & Sons
[41] Maykut, P. and Morehouse, R., 1994, Beginning Qualitative Research: A Philosophic and Practical Guide, Routledge
[42] McFarlan, F. W. and Nolan, R. L., 1995, How to Manage an IT Outsourcing Alliance, Sloan Management Review 36(2), 9 - 23
[43] Minoli, D., 1995, Analyzing Outsourcing: Reengineering Information and Communication Systems, McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York
[44] Mintzberg, H., 1979, The Structuring of Organizations, Prentice- Hall
[45] Myers, M. D., 1997, Qualitative Research in Information Systems, MIS Quarterly 21(2), 241 - 242
[46] Nam, K., Rajagopalan, S., Rao, H. R. and Chaudhury, A., 1996, A Two-level Investigation of Information Systems Outsourcing, Communications of the ACM 39(7), 36 - 44
[47] Nambisan, S., Agarwal, R., and Tanniru, M., 1999, Organizational Mechanisms for Enhancing User Innovation in Information Technology, MIS Quarterly 23(3), 365 - 395
[48] Ngwenyama, O. K. and Bryson, N., 1999, Making the Information Systems Outsourcing Decision: A Transaction Cost Approach to Analyzing Outsourcing Decision Problems, European Journal of Operational Research 115(2), 351 - 367
[49] Osei-Bryson, K. M. and Ngwenyama, O. K., 2006, Managing Risks in Information Systems Outsourcing: An Approach to Analyzing Outsourcing Risks and Structuring Incentive Contracts, European Journal of Operational Research 174(1), 245 - 264
[50] Oza, N. V., Hall, T., Rainer, A. and Grey, S., 2006, Trust in Software Outsourcing Relationships: An Empirical Investigation of Indian Software Companies, Information and Software Technology 48(5), 345 - 354
[51] Pan, S., Pan, G. and Hsieh, M. H., 2006, A Dual-Level Analysis of the Capability Development Process: A Case Study of TT&T, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 57(13), 1814 - 1829
[52] Patton, M. Q., 1990, Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, Sage Publications
[53] Radding, A., 1991, The Economics of Outsourcing, Bank Management, 20 - 27
[54] Rao, H. R., Nam, K., Chaudhury, A. and Chaudhury, A., 1996, Information Systems Outsourcing, Communications of the ACM 39(7), 27 - 28
[55] Richmond, W. B., Seidmann, A. and Whinston, A. B., 1992, Incomplete Contracting Issues in Information Systems Development Outsourcing, Decision Support Systems 8(5), 459 - 477
[56] Rockart, J. F., Earl, M. J. and Ross, J. W., 1996, Eight Imperatives for the New IT Organization, Sloan Management Review 38(1), 43 - 55
[57] Rogers, D. L. and Whetten, D. A., 1982, Interorganizational Coordination: Theory, Research and Implementation, Iowa State University Press
[58] Sabherwal, R., 2003, The Evolution of Coordination in Outsourced Software Development Projects: A Comparison of Client and Vendor Perspectives, Information and Organization 13(3), 153–202
[59] Saunders, C., Gebelt, M. and Hu, Q., 1997, Achieving Success in Information Systems Outsourcing, California Management Review 39(2), 63 - 79
[60] Simon, H. A., 1976, Administrative Behavior. 3rd Ed., Free Press, New York
[61] Singletary, M. W., 1994, Mass Communication Research: Contemporary Methods and Applications, Pearson
[62] Strauss, A. and Corbin, J., 1990, Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, Sage Publications
[63] Sundaram, A. K. and Black, J. S., 1992, The Environment and Internal Organization of Multinational Enterprises, The Academy of Management Review 17(4), 729 - 757
[64] Thompson, J. D., 1967, Organization in Action, McGraw Hill
[65] Tuggle, F. D., 1978, Organizational Processes, AHM Pub. Corp.
[66] Tuite, M. F., 1972, Toward a Theory of Joint Decision Making, Interorganizational Decision Making
[67] Tyler, G., 1998, Information Technology - The Take Away Version, Management Services 42(1), 28 - 30
[68] Van de Ven, A. H., Delbecq A. L., and Koening R., 1976, Determinants of Coordination Modes within Organizations, American Sociological Review 41(2), 322–338
[69] Williamson, O. E., 1981, The Economics of Organization: The Transaction Cost Approach, American Journal of Sociology 87(3), 548 - 577
[70] Wimmer, R. D. and Dominick, J. R., 1995, Mass Media Research: An Introduction, Thomson Wadsworth
[71] Yin, R. K., 1994, Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications
[72] Zahn, E., Barth, T. and Hertweck, A., 1998, Outsourcing unternehmensnaher Dienstleistungen in der Region Stuttgart: Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung, Neue Formen der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Industrie und Dienstleistern. Schaeffer-Poeschel Stuttgart, 109 - 137

網站部份：
[1] Dahl, J. and Kevorkian, S., 2001, Understanding DRM Systems, An IDC Research White Paper
[2] Gartner, Inc., 2005, http://www.gartner.com/
[3] Microsoft Corp., 2004, Digital Rights Management (DRM), http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/forpros/drm/default.mspx
[4] The Association of American Publishers, 2000, Digital Rights Management (DRM), http://www.publishers.org/
[5] The Standish Group, 1998, http://www.standishgroup.com/
[6] U.S. General Accounting Office Reports, 1979, Contracting for Computer Software Development: Serious Problems Require Management Attention to Aviod Wasting Additional Millions, http://www.gao.gov/