雖然過去已有文獻研究轉換型領導與組織雙歧間之關係，然而對於其中的影響機制卻沒有更深入的探討，再者，組織雙歧的研究領域中跨層次的研究仍甚少，因此本研究基於上述兩個理由，欲從跨層次的觀點探討單位層次轉換型領導與單位層次組織雙歧間之關係，並將單位層次企業家精神作為中介變數，以及將公司層次社會氣候作為調節變數。本研究採用問卷調查法，發放對象為大陸及台灣之企業，管理職有效問卷為76份，非管理職有效問卷為152份。最後，研究結果顯示，在控制了公司人數、公司成立年數、高階管理者人數、單位人數、單位成立年數以及管理者教育程度後，單位層次企業家精神能夠有效中介單位層次轉換型領導與單位層次組織雙歧間之關係，而公司層次社會氣候也可以調節單位層次轉換型領導與單位層次企業家精神間之關係。

Even though there are many prior researches revealed transformational leadership (TFL) will influence organizational ambidexterity (OA), there are less literature investigate the relationship between TFL and OA. Moreover, there is lack of the multilevel studies on OA. Therefore, based on the reasons we argued, this study aim at clearly examining the relationship between unit-level TFL and unit-level OA. Hence, we propose that the relationship between unit-level TFL and unit-level OA will be mediated by unit-level corporate entrepreneurship (CE) and it’ll be moderated by firm-level social climate (SC). Using questionnaire survey, we collected multisource and multilevel data from 152 employees and 76 managers of China and Taiwan companys. Finally, the results revealed that unit-level CE partially mediated the relationship between unit-level TFL and unit-level OA. Therefore, firm-level SC moderated the relationship between unit-level TFL and unit-level CE.

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