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研究生: 鍾岳容
Yueh-Jung Chung
論文名稱: 應用活動焦點研究法探索使用者需求與洞見─以高齡者健康照護為例
The Application of Activity-Focused Research on Exploring the user’s Needs and Insights ─A Case of the Healthcare of Older Adults
指導教授: 宋同正
Tung-jung Sung
口試委員: 王韋堯
Wei-yau Wang
陳文印
Wen-yin Chen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 設計學院 - 設計系
Department of Design
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 131
中文關鍵詞: 健康照護高齡者洞見使用者需求活動焦點研究
外文關鍵詞: healthcare, older adults, insight, user needs, Activity-focused research
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  • 使用者為中心設計 (User-Center Design, UCD) 已成為設計學術或實務界熱門討論的議題。然而,過往多數探索使用者需求方法仍較專注既有產品,致常無法帶來新的洞見。另外,因為設計師與使用者有時對產品使用的認知存有差異,故亦會造成產品使用上的困惑。眾所周知,近來由於高齡化及少子化現象,高齡者健康照護之相關議題日益受到各界的重視。為此,以安養機構中心的高齡者為研究對象,本研究的主旨在探討高齡者於健康照護上之真實需求與洞見,並根據使用者、設計師與健康照護專家三者之洞見,提出高齡者之健康照護設計概念構想。
    透過訪談,觀察與焦點團群體座談等方法,本研究第一階段先進行高齡者、設計師與照護專家三者對高齡者健康照護需求之洞見分析與比較。針對四大高齡者健康照護活動需求 (「健康諮詢」、「用藥行為」、「休閒活動」及「安全照護」),本研究第二階段進一步提出「健康資訊查詢系統」、「隨身提醒藥盒」、「3D投影散步機」及「安全智慧鑰匙」等四個設計構想,設計準則是:1) 方便性、2) 操作性、3) 親和性、4) 學習性及5) 回饋性等五項。然後,研究進一步發現,針對上述五項設計準則,20位安養中心高齡者 (男女各半) 之受測者對「安全智慧鑰匙」設計構想之滿意度最高,「健康資訊查詢系統」設計構想則最低。
    最後,以高齡者健康照護為例,本研究提出一個使用者需求或洞見發掘模式。研究建議,當設計師欲發掘某一特定活動之使用者需求或洞見時,其應先回答三個問題:1) 是否對該特定活動具備的經驗?2) 是否可親自投入發掘的時間長短?3) 是否已具備相關專業知識?最後,本研究更冀望本研究成果能夠提供設計師在進行特定活動之需求與洞見探索時之參考依據。


    User-center design (UCD) is widely-discussed by both the design industry and the academia. However, as discussion highlights are mostly on existent products, insights on new designs, more than often, cannot be gained. In addition, confusions on how to use a new product are commonplace as the designer and the user understand the product differently. In recent years, issues on health care for older adults have become high on the agenda due to Taiwan’s ageing society and reduced birthrate. This study took older adults in a nursing home as research subjects to find out the genuine needs of users on health care products, bringing forth design concepts on healthcare for older adults along with insights from these senior users, designers, and nursing experts.
    Through general interviews, observations, and focus group interviews, in the first stage of the study, analyses and comparisons were made on insights gained from the older adults, designers, and nursing experts. Based on the four major activities of senior health care—health consulting, medication-taking, leisure activities, and safety care, during the second stage of the study, a “health-consulting system,” “take-along medicine reminder,” “3D promenade projector,” and “intelligent safety key” were proposed. The designs were developed out of the following five concepts: (1) convenience; (2) usability; (3) user-friendliness; (4) learnability; and (5) responsiveness. Then, at the last stage of the study, 20 senior users from the nursing home were studied to assess whether the design concepts were feasible. Research results show that, based on the above five concepts, the 20 senior subjects (10 male and 10 female) at the nursing home were the most satisfied with the design of “intelligent safety key” and the least with that of “health-consulting system.”
    Conclusively, on healthcare for older adults, a user need or insight discovery model was proposed in this study. When a designer wishes to find out the user need or insight of a certain design, s/he is advised to answer three questions himself/herself first: (1) Does s/he has experience in this particular design? (2) How much time can s/he devote to this design? (3) Does s/he already have enough professional knowledge to carry out this design? It is hoped that the result of this study will serve as a reference to designers wishing to find out the user needs and user insights of a certain product in the future.

    摘要 Ⅰ Abstract Ⅱ 致謝 Ⅲ 目錄 Ⅴ 表目錄 Ⅷ 圖目錄 Ⅸ 一、緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究目的 4 1.3 研究範疇 5 1.4 重要名詞解釋 6 二、文獻探討 10 2.1 使用者導向設計 10 2.1.1 設計焦點轉移 10 2.1.2使用者導向設計 11 2.1.3 使用者需求與洞見 14 2.1.4 小結 16 2.2 活動焦點研究 17 2.2.1 活動焦點研究相關理論 (人種誌、活動理論) 17 2.2.2 活動焦點研究之執行步驟 20 2.2.3 Contextmapping 24 2.2.4 小結 26 2.3 高齡者健康照護 27 2.3.1 高齡者健康照護之重要性 27 2.3.2 高齡者健康照護之類型 29 2.3.3 高齡者健康照護之問題 30 2.3.4 小結 31 2.4 高齡者身心機能特徵 31 2.4.1 高齡者知覺機能特徵 32 2.4.2 高齡者運動機能特徵 33 2.4.3 高齡者認知機能特徵 33 2.4.4 小結 35 三、研究設計 37 3.1 研究架構 37 3.2 研究方法 37 3.3 研究流程 41 3.4 研究對象 41 3.5 研究工具 45 四、研究發現 47 4.1 高齡者健康照護需求與洞見之類別 47 4.2 高齡者健康照護需求與洞見 47 4.2.1 高齡者之健康狀況與用藥情形 48 4.2.2 高齡者自行所提之需求及洞見 49 4.3 設計師觀察後所得之使用者需求及洞見 51 4.4 使用者與設計師洞見差異 55 4.4.1 使用者與設計師洞見比較 55 4.4.2 使用者與設計師洞見之差異來源 59 4.5 設計師與專家洞見之差異 60 4.5.1 設計師與專家洞見比較 60 4.5.2 設計師與專家洞見之差異來源 66 4.6 小結 69 五、研究討論 70 5.1 研究討論 70 5.2 設計概念構想 73 5.3 設計概念構想驗證 78 六、研究結論與建議 80 6.1 研究結論 80 6.2 研究建議 80 6.2.1發掘使用者需求與洞見之建議 81 6.2.2 後續研究之建議 82 參考文獻 83 附錄 89 附件一 日常生活活動能力 (ADL) 調查表 89 附件二 高齡者訪談工具 90 附件三 Contextmapping之問卷及文字、圖片工具 92 附件四 專業醫護人員焦點群體座談工具 94 附件五 高齡者O1訪談逐字稿 95 附件六 高齡者 O2訪談逐字稿 96 附件七 高齡者 O3訪談逐字稿 98 附件八 專業醫護人員焦點群體座談逐字稿 99 附件九 設計概念構想驗證工具 (問卷) 125 附件十 設計概念構想驗證工具 (圖片) 128

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